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Lesson 12-3
Stars
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| light year | distance that light travels in a year |
| black dwarf | how our sun will finish its life |
| supernova | enormous explosion of a red supergiant |
| black hole | exerts such a strong gravitational pull that no light can escape |
| neutron star | the remnants of a dead massive star; dense spinning spheres |
| main sequence stars | 90% of stars are in this stage; most of star's life is spent in this stage |
| nebula | a large cloud of gas and dust |
| planetary nebula | a nebula of gas surrounding a star |
| protostar | earliest stage of a star's life |
| mass | how much matter an object contains |
| constellation | a group of stars that form a pattern in the sky |
| galaxy | large grouping of stars, gas, and dust in space held together by gravity |
| nuclear fusion | when hydrogen atoms join together to form helium |
| absolute brightness (absolute magnitude) | The brightness of a star if it were a standard distance from Earth |
| apparent brightness (apparent magnitude) | the brightness of a star as seen from Earth |
| spectrograph | a device that breaks light into colors and produces an image of the composition of a star |
| Kelvin | the SI unit for temperature |
| luminosity | the true brightness of an object |
| Hertzsprung-Russell diagram | a graph relating the surface temperatures and absolute brightness of stars |
| star | A ball of hot gas, primarily hydrogen and helium, that undergoes nuclear fusion. |
| universe | Space and all the matter and energy in it |
| white dwarf | A small, hot, dim star that is the leftover center of an old star |
| gravity | A force of attraction between objects that is due to their masses and the distance between them |
| solar radii (Rsun) | radius in comparison to sun's radius |