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10-5 Test Review
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is kinetic energy? | The energy of motion |
| How do particles move in solids? | They mainly vibrate in place |
| How do particles move in liquids? | They move and slide more freely |
| How do particles move in gases? | They move freely and spread apart |
| What is temperature? | The average kinetic energy of particles |
| What is thermal energy? | The total kinetic energy of all particles |
| What is the difference between temperature and thermal energy? | Temperature is average kinetic energy; thermal energy is total kinetic energy |
| Can a large warm object have more thermal energy than a small hot object? | Yes. It can have more particles and therefore more total thermal energy |
| Does thermal energy include chemical energy? | No. Thermal energy is kinetic energy of particles |
| What is heat transfer? | The movement of thermal energy between substances |
| Which direction does heat flow? | From warmer objects to cooler objects |
| What is thermal equilibrium? | When objects reach the same temperature and net heat transfer stops |
| Do particles stop moving at thermal equilibrium? | No. They continue moving |
| What is absolute zero? | 0 K, or −273.15°C |
| What happens at absolute zero? | Particle kinetic energy reaches its minimum |
| What temperature does water freeze at in Celsius? | 0°C |
| What temperature does water boil at in Celsius? | 100°C |
| What temperature does water freeze at in Fahrenheit? | 32°F |
| What temperature does water boil at in Fahrenheit? | 212°F |
| What is thermal expansion? | Particles move faster and spread farther apart when heated |
| How does a liquid thermometer work? | Heating makes the liquid expand and rise |
| Why do tires seem flatter on cold days? | Cold lowers particle kinetic energy and air pressure |
| What is conduction? | Heat transfer through direct contact |
| Where is conduction most effective? | In solids |
| Why are metals good thermal conductors? | Their particles and free electrons transfer energy efficiently |
| What happens when one end of a metal rod is heated? | Energy transfers toward the cooler end |
| Why does a ceramic mug handle become hot? | Heat conducts from the hot coffee through the mug |
| What is a thermal conductor? | A material that transfers heat quickly |
| What is a thermal insulator? | A material that slows heat transfer |
| Give an example of a thermal conductor. | Metal |
| Give an example of a thermal insulator. | Wood, glass, wool, or air |
| Why are cooking handles often made of wood? | Wood is a poor thermal conductor |
| What is convection? | Heat transfer caused by movement in a fluid |
| Where does convection occur? | In liquids and gases |
| Why does warm fluid rise? | It expands and becomes less dense |
| Why does cool fluid sink? | It is denser than warm fluid |
| How does a convection current form? | Warm fluid rises while cool fluid sinks |
| How does convection heat a pot of water? | Warm water rises and cool water sinks, creating circulation |
| Why does a hot-air balloon rise? | Heated air expands and becomes less dense |
| What is radiation? | Heat transfer through electromagnetic waves |
| Does radiation require matter to travel? | No. It can travel through empty space |
| What is an example of radiation from the Sun? | Solar energy traveling through space to Earth |
| What is an example of radiation from a fireplace? | Feeling warmth while sitting near it |
| Why do light-colored clothes stay cooler? | They reflect more radiant energy |
| Why do dark-colored clothes get warmer? | They absorb more radiant energy |
| How does a thermos reduce conduction? | Its materials are poor thermal conductors |
| How does a thermos reduce convection? | Its vacuum prevents fluid circulation between the walls |
| How does a thermos reduce radiation? | Its reflective surfaces reflect radiant energy |
| What is biomimicry? | Design inspired by nature |
| How does the Eastgate Centre use biomimicry? | It uses ideas inspired by termite mounds for cooling |
| How does the Eastgate Centre cool itself? | Cool night air circulates through the building while warm air escapes |
| How does a car cooling system prevent overheating? | Coolant carries heat from the engine to the radiator |
| What happens to particle kinetic energy as an engine cools? | It decreases |
| Is cold a form of energy? | No. Heat transfers from warmer to cooler objects |
| What happens to particle motion when temperature increases? | Particles move faster on average |
| What happens to particle motion when temperature decreases? | Particles move slower on average |
| Does higher temperature always mean more total thermal energy? | No. Total thermal energy also depends on the number of particles |
| Does 80°C water always have twice the thermal energy of 40°C water? | No. Thermal energy also depends on mass and number of particles |
| What happens when an 80°C block touches a 20°C block? | Heat flows from the 80°C block to the 20°C block |
| When does heat transfer between two objects stop? | When they reach thermal equilibrium |
| Why does an insulating blanket keep someone warm? | It slows heat transfer from the body to the surroundings. |
Created by:
SJ235
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