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chptr 11 # 2-immune
deWitt Chptr 11
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| common forms of therapeutic immunosuppression | DRUGS (esp. cytotoxic drugs) radiographs |
| methylprednisolone | corticosteroid commonly used to cause immunosuppression. used with organ transplants and autoimmune disorders |
| Lymphocyte imune globulin | reduces the number of thymus dependent lymphocytes circulating in blood stream |
| antithymocyte globulin | immunosuppressive agent that selectively destroys T cells |
| muromonab-CD3 | blocks the function of the CD3 molecules in the membranes of human T cells |
| basiliximab | binds and locks interluekin-2 receptor chain on the surface of activate T-lymphocytes |
| daclizumab | inhibits function of white cells |
| rapamycin | antibiotic that demonstrates antifungal, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and immunosuppressive properties |
| azathioprine (Imuran) and cyclosporine (Sandimune) | most common combination of antirejection medications used |
| Cyclosporine (Sandimune) | selective immunosuppressant that leaves in tact some of the body's defense against infection |
| problems of immunosuppressive therapy | OI's and many immunosuppressive therapies tend to allow cancer growth |
| autoimmune disorders | immunosuppression slows the progression of many autoimmune disorders by disrupting immune fuinction |
| filgrastim (Nuepogen) | a granulocyte colony-stimulating factor that is used to promote the growth of nuetrophils in immunosuppressed patients |
| Primary goal of nursing care in immunsuppressed patients | 1-protect pt from infection 2-improve health status 3-promote highest attainable level of wellness |
| nuetropenic precautions | pts with severe immune deficiency are placed in reverse/protective isolation |
| nutritional consideration in immunosuppression | adequite protien intake to assist with synthesis of antibodies. corticosteroids may cause increased apetite (watch wieght gain) |
| stress in patient teaching | excessive stress can further depress immune function. FEAR of infection is important stressor. stress reduction teaching important |
| fever in immunosuppressed patients | fever may not be present during infection in immunosuppressed pts b/c the immune reaction is what would normally cause the fever. |
| anaphalaxis | life threatening extreme whole body allergic reaction |
| atopy | tendency to develope allergies to frequently encountered allergens. about 10% of people |
| type I allergies | immediate hypersensitivity reaction that are mast cell mediated |
| type II allergies | delayed reaction allergies that are T- cell mediated |
| IgE production | in type I allergies, rapid reaction result from this increased reproduction of IgE |
| Type I reactions | anaphalaxis, allergic asthma, and atopic allergies such as hay fever |
| IgG | delayed reactions of type II allergies are a result of IgG production |
| Inhalants | allergens that enter through nose and mouth |
| contactants | direct contact with skin |
| INGESTANTS | ingested through GI |
| INjectables | through hyperdermic introduction or via vector bites |
| type I reaction S | widespread vessel dilation, swelling of tissues, mucosal nmembrane congestion, contraction of smooth muscle tissue (ESP IN BRONCHIOLES) |
| test dosing | administration of known allergenic meds in small dosages to monitor for anaphalaxis |
| scratch testing | samples of suspected allergens are placed on a scratched area. outer layer of skin only. |
| intra dermal or subQ testing | samples of allergens injected below surface |
| patch test | samples applied topically and covered with airtight dressing |
| wheal or bleb | small round raised/swelled area showing positive immune reaction |
| desensitization | series of shots (longterm therapy) that introduces small anmounts of allergen into system to promote tolerance |
| urticaria | hives |
| angioedema | swelling below the surfface of the skin |
| allergy VS adverse reaction | an adverse reaction DOES NOT involve the immune system. symptoms may be similiar, but adverse reactions do not occur every time a drug is taken, an allergy would. |
| diphenhydramine | Benadryl- most commonly used anti-histamine in hypersensitive reaction |
| serum sickness | hypersensitive reaction that occurs over a period of - weeks after injection of some kind of serum. this is usually self limiting |
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