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Nutrition Ch.13
Trace Minerals
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Osteoporosis | Loss of bone |
| Type 1 of Osteoporosis | Loss of spongy bone, usually produce breaks in wrist and spine, mostly in elderly |
| Type 2 of Osteoporosis | Loss of both spongy and compact bone, usually cause compressed vertebrae, lead to humped back, breaks in hip, mostly in women because of menopause |
| Factors Affecting Osteoporosis | Age, Sex, Race, Activity, Smoking, Alcohol, and Nutrition |
| Ferrous Iron | +2 Charge |
| Ferric Iron | +3 Charge |
| Fe (or Iron) | Aids electron transport protein, In Hemoglobin and Myoglobin, Required to make amino acids, hormones, and neurotransmitters, can be stored in intestinal cells by protein, Mucosal Ferritin |
| Deficiency of Fe | Cause anemia, restlessness, fatigue, headache, feeling cold, and pica |
| Toxicity of Fe | Occurs at 6 times the RDA, Causes weakness, hair loss, joint pain, enlarged liver and impotence |
| Sources of Fe | Meat and green vegetables |
| What improves the absorption of Fe? | Vitamin C, Organic acid, and Sugar |
| What inhibits the absorption of Fe? | Fiber, Calcium, Phosphate, EDTA and Tannic acid (brownness in tea) |
| Hemochromatosis | Genetic defects in which the intestine excessively absorbs iron |
| Zn (or Zinc) | Required by 100+ enzymes, participate in Enteropancreatic circulation, can be bound and stored by metallothionein, transported thru blood by albumin |
| Deficiency of Zn | Causes slow growth, decreased pancreatic, thyroid, & immune function, and Vit A metabolism |
| Toxicity of Zn | Occurs at 50mg, Causes atherosclerosis and degeneration of heart muscles |
| Sources of Zn | Meat, Eggs, and Whole Grain |
| I (or Iodine) | Required in thyroid hormones |
| Deficiency of Iodine | Causes goiter, fatigue and weight loss |
| Toxicity of Iodine | Occurs at 1100ug, Causes goiter |
| Sources of Iodine | Seafood, Iodized Salt, Bread, and Dairy products |
| Cu (or Copper) | Required by enzymes that deals with oxygen radicals |
| Deficiency of Cu | Causes anemia, slow growth and metabolism |
| Toxicity of Cu | Occurs at 10mg, Causes vomiting, diarrhea, and liver damage |
| Sources of Cu | Legumes, Grains, Nuts, and Seafood |
| Mn (or Manganese) | Required by enzymes in metabolism (e.g. Krebs Cycle) |
| Deficiency of Mn | Causes slow growth |
| Toxicity of Mn | Occurs at 11mg, Causes brain disorders |
| Sources of Mn | Nuts, Grains, and Leafy vegetables |
| F (or Fluorine) | Strengthen bones and teeth |
| Deficiency of F | Causes tooth decay |
| Toxicity of F | Occurs at 10mg, Causes itching, nausea, diarrhea, chest pain, and tooth discoloration |
| Sources of F | Water and Seafood |
| Cr (or Chromium) | Required for carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, and works with insulin |
| Deficiency of Cr | Causes diabetes-like symptoms |
| Toxicity of Cr | Causes skin and kidney problems, seems to cause cancer, however take years to cause symptoms |
| Sources of Cr | Meat, Whole Grain, Nuts and Cheese |
| Se (or Selenium) | Help activate thyroid hormones once they are made and help prevent the oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids |
| Deficiency of Se | Cause heart disease |
| Toxicity of Se | Occurs at 400ug, Causes vomiting, diarrhea, hair loss, skin and nervous system damage |
| Source of Se | Meat and Grains |
| Mo (or Molybdenum) | Deficiency is unknown |
| Toxicity of Mo | Occurs at 2mg, Causes reproduction problem, kidney damage and gout-like symptoms |
| Sources of Mo | Grains, Milk, Liver and Legumes |
| Toxicity of Pb (or Lead) | Causes poor coordination, hearing, concentration and memory, learning disability, slow growth, behavior problems, anemia, high BP and seizures |
| Bone Meal | Grounded up bones, calcium is poorly absorbed, sometimes contain lead |
| Kelp & Nori | Seaweed, high in iodine, also have arsenic and carcinogens in it |
| Super Blue Green Algae | Freeze dried pond scum |
Created by:
Futuredoctor09
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