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Chapter 5
Homeostasis and cell transport
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| active transport | the movement of a substance across a cell membrane against a concentration gradient; requires the cell to expend energy (101) |
| carrier protein | a protein that transports specific substances across a biological membrane (99) |
| concentration gradient | the difference in concentration of a substance across space (95) |
| contractile vacuole | an organelle in protists that expels water (97) |
| cytolysis | the bursting of a cell (99) |
| diffusion | the process by which molecules move from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration (95) |
| endocytosis | the process by which a cell surrounds and engulfs substances (103) |
| exocytosis | a state that exists when the concentration of a substance is the same throughout a space (95)a process in which a vesicle inside a cell fuses with the cell membrane and releases its contents to the external environment (104) |
| equilibrium | a state that exists when the concentration of a substance is the same throughout a space (95) |
| facilitated diffusion | a process in which substances move down their concentration gradient across the cell membrane with the assistance of carrier proteins (99) |
| hypertonic | describing a solution whose solute concentration is higher than that inside a cell (96) |
| hypotonic | describing a solution whose solute concentration is lower than that inside a cell (96) |
| ion channel | a membrane protein that provides a passageway across the cell membrane through which an ion can diffuse (100) |
| isotonic | describing a solution whose solute concentration equals that inside a cell (97) |
| osmosis | the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane (96) |
| passive transport | the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of cell energy (95) |
| phagocyte | a cell that engages in phagocytosis (104) |
| phagocytosis | a type of endocytosis in which a cell engulfs large particles or whole cells (103) |
| pinocytosis | a type of endocytosis in which a cell engulfs solutes or fluids (103) |
| plasmolysis | the shrinking or wilting of a walled cell in a hypertonic environment (98) |
| sodium-potassium pump | a carrier protein that actively transports K+ ions into and Na+ ions out of cells (101) |
| turgor pressure | water pressure within a plant cell (98) |
| vesicle | a membrane-bound sac in a eukaryotic cell that contains materials involved in endocytosis, exocytosis, or transport within the cell (103) |
Created by:
emilee101
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