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BIO121 PlasmaMem Ch5
Plasma Membrane Structure and Function (Book-Madar)
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Function of plasma membrane? | Acts as a barrier and controls the movement of various substances into and out of the cell. It also allows cell identification and communication. |
| What is meant by phospolipid bilayer? | Phospolipid nonpolar tails directed inward and polar heads directed outward. |
| What are glycoproteins and glycolipids? | Glycoproteins and glycolipids are carbohydrate-attached proteins and lipids. In humans these are the basis for blood types. |
| What facilitates adhesion between cells, reception of signal molecules, and cell-to-cell recognition? | Glycocalyx (sugar coat)-given by the carbohydrate chain of proteins or gylcoproteins |
| Embedded in the lipid bilayer, these largely determine a membrane's special function. | Integral proteins. |
| Peripheral proteins. | Stabilize and shape the membrane, not embedded in the lipid bilayer. |
| This protein allows a particular molecule or ion to cross the plasma membrane freely. | Channel Protein (Ex. Hydrogen Ions) |
| What does a Carrier Protein do? | They combine with a specific molecule or ion and help it move across the membrane. (Ex. Sodium ions) |
| These proteins help the body recognize when it is being invaded by pathogens do the immune reaction can occur. | Cell Recognition Protein, a glycoprotein. |
| How do receptor proteins function? | They have a shape that allows a specific molecule to bind to it, causing a cellular response. (Ex. Liver storing glucose) |
| This protein catalyzes a specific metabolic reaction. | Enzymatic proteins. |
| What does differently (selectively) permeable mean? | Certain substances can move across the plasma membrane while others cannot. |
| Molecules follow their Concentration gradient. | A gradual change in the concentration of solutes as a function of distance through a solution. |
| This usually contains both a solute, usually a solid, and a solvent, usually a liquid. | Solution |
| A substance (solid) that is dissolved in a liquid to form a solution. | Solute |
| A solvent is the liquid in which the solute is dissolved. | Solvent |
| What is the movement of molecules from a higher to lower concentration? | Diffusion -Passive Transport |
| The diffusion of water across a differentially permeable membrane due to concentration differences. | Osmosis -Passive Transport |
| A solution where the solute concentration and the water concentration both inside and outside the cell are equal. | Isotonic solution. -no net gain or loss of water |
| A solution with a lower concentration of solute and a higher concentration of water. | Hypotonic solution. -causes cells to swell or burst |
| A solution with a higher concentration of solute and lower concentration of water. | Hypertonic solution. -causes cells to shrink |
| "Iso" | means the same as |
| "Hypo" | means less than (solute) |
| "Hyper" | means more than (solute) |
| What is turgor pressure? | When a plant cell is placed in a hypotonic solution, the large central vacuole gains water. |
| What is crenation? | Red bloods cells in an hypertonic solution, shrunken |
| A shrinking of a cytoplasm due to osmosis. | Plasmolysis |
| Facilitated Transport | A form of passive transport in which materials are moved across the plasma membrane by a transport protein down their concentration gradient |
| What is active transport? | Energy Required. Molecules or ions move through the plasma membrane, accumulating either inside or outside the cell. |
| What is exocytosis? | A vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane as secretion occurs. |
| What is endocytosis? | Cells take in substances by vesicle formation. There are three types. |
| What is phagocytosis? | A form of endocytosis, when the material taken in is large, such as a food particle or another cell. |
| What is pinocytosis? | A form of endocytosis, when the material taken in is small, such as a liquid. |
| What bind cells together, forming a barrier that is leak-proof? | Tight junctions -Ex. Digestive Tract |
| What link cells together, enabling them to function as a unit and forming tissue? | Anchoring junctions -Ex. Heart muscles |
| Consisting of channels, this allows rapid chemical and electrical communication between cells. | Gap junctions |
| What are collagen fibers? | The fibrous protein constituent of bone, cartilage, tendon, and other connective tissue. |
| A slender fiber in connective tissue that is rich in the protein elastin and has an elastic quality. | Elastin fibers |
| What are glycoproteins that are heavily glycosylated. They have a core protein with one or more covalently attached chains -makes up cartilage | Proteogylcans |
| Channels which traverse the cell walls of plant cells enabling transport and communication between them. | Plasmodesmata |
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