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ECM
EXM proteins, extracellular matrix
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How do ECM proteins turnover? | Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMP) degrade all classes of ECM proteins. Only active in tissues where needed. Proteases --> Proteolysis Protease inhibitors --> Inhibition of Proteases |
| Function of Integrins | cell surface receptors --> create connections between cells & ECM |
| Integrin: OUT --> IN signaling | cell responds to changes in ECM regulate cell adhesion, growth, & migration |
| Integrin: IN --> OUT signaling | cell responds to changes in cell activity to either lower or higher affinity for integrins affects cell adhesion & migration |
| 3 Types of Cellular Adhesion | 1. Cell-Cell Junctions (direct adherence to one another) 2. Nonjunctional Adhesion (indirect protein-protein interactions) 3. ECM (indirect binding to molecules in intercellular space) |
| Examples of Cell-Cell Junctions | CLAUDINS - tight junction CADHERINS - adherens jxn & desmosome CONNEXIN - gap junction |
| Examples of Nonjunctional Adhesion | CADHERINS SELECTINS Ig-like cell adhesion molecules INTEGRINS |
| Examples of ECM adhesion | INTEGRINS(jxns) - hemi-desmosome & focal adhesion INTEGRINS (non-jxn) - Structural glycoprotein & proteoglycan |
| Functions of ECM Proteins | -strength and flexibility to tissue -selective filter to control flow of undissolved material between cells -scaffold to facilitate cell crawling -some cells & ECM form stable tissues (cart & bone) |
| ECM Adhesive Proteins (Gen fx & 2 types) | Fx - adhere cells to ECM & ECM-ECM Types: Fibronectin & Laminin |
| ECM Structural Proteins (gen fx & 2 types) | Fx - lg fibers give strength & elasticity types - collagen & elastin |
| ECM Protein Polysaccharides (gen fx & 2 types) | fx - resist compression (gel-like) & sequester GFs types - GAGs & proteoglycan |
| Fibronectin | -adhesive protein -connect cells to fibrillar collagen matrix -synthesized by fibroblasts, hepatocytes, endothelial cells -cells bind to fibronectin through integrin receptor |
| Laminin | -adhesive protein -basal lamina component forms web-like network --> resist tensile/stretch forces -assoc w/other ECM proteins-->network |
| Collagen | -structural protein -27 types, most abundant -main structural scaffold in ECM |
| Types of Collagen Structure and Examples of each | 1-collagen fibril (parallel bundles) -cornea, tendon 2-collagen fiber - bone, cartilage 3-collagen sheet -skin, basal lamina 4-fibril-assoc collagen -cartilage |
| Elastin | -structural protein -synth & secreted by fibroblasts & smooth myocytes -allows tissues to stretch & return to original size -lots in blood vessels, skin, lungs |
| Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) | -polysaccharides -long, unbranched polysaccharides (repeat units) -neg chg ion-->attract H2O - attach to proteoglycan backbone |
| Proteoglycan | -polysaccharides -secreted from cells (syndecans & glypicans) -attract H2O-->gel-like material-->resists compression & hydrates cells |
| Chondroitin Sulfate | -proteoglycan -abundant in joint cartilage |
| Hyaluronic Acid | -proteoglycan -abundant in skin & eyes |
| How do proteoglycans promote growth? | -bind & sequester growth factors 1-fx as coreceptor for GF 2-increase [GF] in ECM 3-Localize GF to specific tissues 4-protects GF from degradation |
Created by:
hwernick
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