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Bio150 Chapter 8
Energy and Metabolism
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Where does all energy for life come from? | The Sun |
| what is energy? | The capacity to do work |
| what is kenetic energy? | The energy in motion |
| What is potential energy? | Energy of position |
| what is chemical energy? | Energy that exsist in bonds |
| How do biologist measure energy? | Kilojules (kj) |
| What is Thermodynamics? | The study of energy |
| What are the two laws of thermodynamics? | 1.) Energy can not be created nor destroyed- only changed 2.) some energy is given off as heat during energy conversions, resulting in more entropy |
| What is Entrophy? | disorder |
| What is Metabolism? | Chemical reactions that enable things to grow, repair, reproduce, and respond to stimuli |
| Metabolism is the________________. | Sum total of all those chemical reacitons |
| What is Anabolism | building up of larger molecules to smaller molecules (Amino Acids --> Proteins) |
| Catabolism | breaking down of larger molecules into smaller molecules (proteins amino acids) |
| Enthalpy | Total energy of a system |
| Free Energy | Energy available to do work |
| What are changes in energy represented by? | Triangle symbol |
| What does Ethalpy equal? | G + TS |
| ΔG | ΔH - T ΔS |
| What are the two types of reactions in energy? | Exergonic reaction Releases energy ΔG is negative Example - diffusion Endergonic reaction Produces energy ΔG is positive |
| What is Energy of a cell called? | ATP |
| What are Enzymes? | Proteins that catalyze chemical reactions |
| What do most enzyms end in? | -aze |
| What are the three things that Enzymes do? | Enzymes lower the activation energy of a reaction Enzymes work with a substrate forming the enzyme-substrate complex Enzymes are specific and have optimal conditions to work (temperature and pH) |
| What is an Allosteric Regulation? | regulatory mechanism which controls enzyme function |
| What does Allosteric Regulations do? | turn on and off an Enzyme |
| What is an allosteric Activator? | stabilizes the active form of an enzyme |
| Allosteric inhibitor | Stabilizes the inactive form of an enzyme |
| What are the two laws of thermodynamics? | 1.) Energy can not be created nor destroyed, only changed 2.) some energy is lossed as heat during energy conversions, resulting in more entrophy |
| Why do we need Metabolism? | to power our bodily functions |
| Anabolsim | building up of larger molecules from smaller molecules (animo acids to proteins) |
| Catabolism | breaking down of larger molecules into smaller molecules (proteins to amino acids) |
| What does ATP stand for? | Adenosine Tri-Phospate |
| What is ATP? | molecules that cekks use to store and transfer energy |
| what is the difference between sn allosteric activator and an allosteric inhibitor? | activator - stabilizes the active form of the enzyme (turns on) inhibitor- stabilizes the inactive form of the enzyme (turns off) |
| What does thermodynamics tell us? | Tells us what will and will not happen under given conditions but say nothing about the rate of these processes. |
| What is entrophy? | Entophy is when energy is being extracted from the inside of an organism to their outer surroundings A lion eating starch and then extracting that energy to water and CO2 is an example of this. |
| What are metabolic pathways? | when a molecule is turned into a produc. Based on how it is turned out, it can be anabolic or catabolic |
| Free Energy = Change in __________- temperature in __________ x Measurement of heat being ___________ from an organism to its surroundings (etholpy) | 1.) total energy, kelvin, extracted |
| Exergonic reactions ______ energy and when ____ is negative. example _____. | release energy, change G, diffusion |
| Endergonic energy happens when ___ is positive and ____ energy. | change in G, produces |
| With the loss of water, ______ turns to ATP. WIth the gain of water, _______ turns to ADP | ADP, ATP |
| What is the ATP cycle? | is a turnstile through which energy passes during its transger from catabolic to anabolic pathways |
| Hoe do Enzymes speed up metabolic reactions? | overcoming barriers |
| what is activation energy | The amount of energy needed to pish the reactants over an energy barriers so that the downhill part can begin |
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