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GI-Williams
Cirrhosis
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Major problems of cirrhosis | Decreased liver function and Portal hypertension |
| 3 main risks to developing cirrhosis | Alcoholism, Viral Hepatitis, and Exposure to toxins |
| 1st sign of cirrhosis | Hepatomegaly |
| Spider angioma | Small blood vessels get dilated, whole area looks red, permanent dilation that stays there |
| Two ways to diagnosis cirrhosis | Liver Enzymes and Biopsy of liver |
| What will happen to liver enzymes? | They are relased from damaged liver cells - enzymes are increased. |
| What happens to the levels of liver enzymes? | AST, Alk. Phos, Bilirubin, Amonia are all elevated; Albumin Low; PT, PTT, INR prolonged! |
| What should the nurse do immediately after a liver biopsy? | Put pressure on site, pressure bandage |
| What Vitamins do we give to someone with liver failure? | Fat soluble; A, D, E, K |
| What diet should one be on that has chronic liver failure: | High Protein, Low Na, Low fat, High Carbs |
| What diet should one be on that has acute liver failure: | Low protein, low Na, Low fat, High Carbs |
| Portal HTN: | Increased venous pressure in the portal circulation |
| Esophageal Varices: | Complex of tortuous veins at the lower end of esophagus that are enlarged and swollen |
| Diet for one with Esophageal Varices: | Soft diet and no roughage; small more frequent feedings and supplements like ensure |
| Sengstaken Blakemore Tube: | Way to temporarily stop bleeding and control hemorrhage; pressure on varices inside esophagus |
| Sengstaken Blakemore Tube: | Way to temporarily stop bleeding and control hemorrhage; pressure on varices inside esophagus |
| Vasopression | Vasoconstriciton to make arteries and veins smaller so there is less blood there; for EV |
| NTG | Vasodilate and keep blood in vasculatorue a little bit more so t a little less blood coming to varices; for EV |
| Beta blockers | Vasodilate and keep blood in vasculature a little bit more so there is a little less blood coming to varices; For EV |
| Ascites: | Accumulation of serous fluid in the perioneal or abdominal cavity |
| Manifestations of Ascites: | Portal HTN, low Na, Low colloidal osmotic pressure, abd. distention with wt gain, dehydration, hypokalemia |
| Manifestations of Ascites: | Needle puncture of abdominal cavity - remove ascitic fluid; temporary |
| Hepatic Encephalopathy | Terminal; Elevated ammonia, change in mental status |
| Asterixis: | Flapping tremors: unable to hold arms and hands straight out, rapid flexion and extension of hands; sign to tell when they are going into hepatic encephalopathy |
| Neomycin: | Antibiotic, reduce level of ammonia by reducing bacteria flora in the colon |
| Lactulose: | Cause ammonia to bind to it and excrete ammonia |
Created by:
MissyMasae
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