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Chapter6 vocab pt. 2
Chapter 6 "Tour of the cell" vocab part 2
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| mitochondrial matrix | The compartment of the mitochondrion enclosed by the inner membrane and containing enzymes and substrates for the Krebs cycle. |
| mitochondrion | An organelle in eukaryotic cells that serves as the site of cellular respiration. |
| myosin | A type of protein filament that interacts with actin filaments to cause cell contraction. |
| nuclear envelope | The membrane in eukaryotes that encloses the nucleus, separating it from the cytoplasm. |
| nuclear lamina | A netlike array of protein filaments that maintains the shape of the nucleus. |
| nucleoid | A dense region of DNA in a prokaryotic cell. |
| nucleolus | A specialized structure in the nucleus, formed from various chromosomes and active in the synthesis of ribosomes. |
| nucleus | (1) An atom’s central core, containing protons and neutrons. (2) The chromosome-containing organelle of a eukaryotic cell. (3) A cluster of neurons. |
| organelle | One of several formed bodies with specialized functions, suspended in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells. |
| peroxisome | A microbody containing enzymes that transfer hydrogen from various substrates to oxygen, producing and then degrading hydrogen peroxide. |
| phagocytosis | A type of endocytosis involving large, particulate substances, accomplished mainly by macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells. |
| plasma membrane | The membrane at the boundary of every cell that acts as a selective barrier, thereby regulating the cell’s chemical composition. |
| plasmodesma | An open channel in the cell wall of plant through which strands of cytosol connect from an adjacent cell. |
| plastid | One of a family of closely related plant organelles that includes chloroplasts, chromoplasts, and amyloplasts (leucoplasts). |
| primary cell wall | A relatively thin and flexible layer first secreted by a young plant cell. |
| prokaryotic cell | A type of cell lacking a membrane-enclosed nucleus and membrane-enclosed organelles; found only in the domains Bacteria and Archaea. |
| proteoglycan | A glycoprotein in the extracellular matrix of animal cells, rich in carbohydrate. |
| pseudopodium | A cellular extension of amoeboid cells used in moving and feeding. |
| ribosome | A cell organelle constructed in the nucleolus and functioning as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; consists of rRNA and protein molecules, which make up two subunits. |
| rough ER | That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum studded with ribosomes. |
| scanning electron microscope (SEM) | A microscope that uses an electron beam to scan the surface of a sample to study details of its topography. |
| secondary cell wall | A strong and durable matrix often deposited in several laminated layers for plant cell protection and support. |
| smooth ER | That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is free of ribosomes. |
| stroma | The fluid of the chloroplast surrounding the thylakoid membrane; involved in the synthesis of organic molecules from carbon dioxide and water. |
| thylakoid | A flattened membrane sac inside the chloroplast, used to convert light energy to chemical energy. |
| tight junction | A type of intercellular junction in animal cells that prevents the leakage of material between cells. |
| tonoplast | A membrane that encloses the central vacuole in a plant cell, separating the cytosol from the vacuolar contents, called cell sap; also known as the vacuolar membrane. |
| transmission electron microscope (TEM) | A microscope that passes an electron beam through very thin sections; primarily used to study the internal ultrastructure of cells. |
| transport vesicle | A tiny membranous sac in a cell’s cytoplasm carrying molecules produced by the cell. |
| vesicle | A sac made of membrane inside of cells. |
| ultracentrifuge | a high-speed centrifuge for segregating microscopic and submicroscopic materials to determine the sizes and molecular weights of colloidal and other small particles |
Created by:
lauren lou
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