Happens when tiny particles of rock and soil stick together, like glue, to form a solid rock. It’s like when you press wet sand together to make a sandcastle.

When layers of dirt, sand, and other stuff get squished together tightly over time to form a rock. It’s like pressing down on a big stack of books until they’re all packed together.

Extrusive (fine-grained) igneous rock

These rocks form when hot, melted rock (lava) cools quickly on the Earth's surface, so the grains are tiny or hard to see, like the rock basalt.

Rocks that have layers or bands that you can see, kind of like the pages in a book. These layers form because of pressure that squishes the rock in a certain direction.

Rocks are formed when hot, melted rock cools down and becomes solid. It's like when lava from a volcano cools and hardens into rock.

Intrusive (coarse-grained) igneous rock

These rocks form when melted rock cools slowly beneath the Earth's surface. Because it cools slowly, the crystals in the rock are large and easy to see, like the rock granite.

Rocks are rocks that have changed from one type to another because of intense heat and pressure. It’s like how a cake changes when you bake it, except with rocks!

Rocks that don’t have layers or bands. They have a more uniform texture, where everything is mixed together evenly, like the rock marble.

Solid material made up of one or more minerals. Come in all shapes, sizes, and types, and they make up the Earth’s crust.

A big recycling system for rocks. Rocks can change from one type to another over time, turning into igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic rocks depending on different processes like melting, cooling, pressure, and weathering.

Form when pieces of other rocks, plants, and animals get squished together over time. These rocks often have layers and can sometimes contain fossils.

Describes how a rock feels and looks, depending on the size, shape, and arrangement of the grains or crystals in it. Some rocks might feel rough and grainy, while others are smooth or glassy.

when a rock or mineral breaks along smooth, flat surfaces, kind of like breaking a piece of chocolate along the lines.

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Rocks

Term	Definition
Cementation	Happens when tiny particles of rock and soil stick together, like glue, to form a solid rock. It’s like when you press wet sand together to make a sandcastle.
Compaction	When layers of dirt, sand, and other stuff get squished together tightly over time to form a rock. It’s like pressing down on a big stack of books until they’re all packed together.
Extrusive (fine-grained) igneous rock	These rocks form when hot, melted rock (lava) cools quickly on the Earth's surface, so the grains are tiny or hard to see, like the rock basalt.
Foliated	Rocks that have layers or bands that you can see, kind of like the pages in a book. These layers form because of pressure that squishes the rock in a certain direction.
Igneous	Rocks are formed when hot, melted rock cools down and becomes solid. It's like when lava from a volcano cools and hardens into rock.
Intrusive (coarse-grained) igneous rock	These rocks form when melted rock cools slowly beneath the Earth's surface. Because it cools slowly, the crystals in the rock are large and easy to see, like the rock granite.
Metamorphic	Rocks are rocks that have changed from one type to another because of intense heat and pressure. It’s like how a cake changes when you bake it, except with rocks!
Non-foliated	Rocks that don’t have layers or bands. They have a more uniform texture, where everything is mixed together evenly, like the rock marble.
Rock	Solid material made up of one or more minerals. Come in all shapes, sizes, and types, and they make up the Earth’s crust.
Rock cycle	A big recycling system for rocks. Rocks can change from one type to another over time, turning into igneous, sedimentary, or metamorphic rocks depending on different processes like melting, cooling, pressure, and weathering.
Sedimentary	Form when pieces of other rocks, plants, and animals get squished together over time. These rocks often have layers and can sometimes contain fossils.
Texture	Describes how a rock feels and looks, depending on the size, shape, and arrangement of the grains or crystals in it. Some rocks might feel rough and grainy, while others are smooth or glassy.
Cleavage	when a rock or mineral breaks along smooth, flat surfaces, kind of like breaking a piece of chocolate along the lines.

Created by: LMcdRob

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