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lChapter 3-4 Science
No! Hygiene drug will kill the patient.
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Atom | The smallest piece of matter that can exist by itself |
| Matter | A physical substance; anything that has mass or volume |
| Element | A substance made up of only type of atom |
| Allotropes | Different forms of the same element |
| Lustre | How shiny or dull a surface is when light hits it |
| Malleable | The ability to be hammered or pressed into shapes without breaking |
| Ductile | The ability to be drawn out into a thin wire |
| Brittle | Likely to shatter or break when hit or bent |
| Compound | A PURE SUBSTANCE that is made up of two or more DIFFERENT types of atoms chemically joined |
| Molecule | A group of non-metal atoms joined together in chemical bonds |
| Pure substance | A material that is made up of only one type of substance |
| Mixture | A combination of two or more pure substances that can be separated to recover the pure substances |
| The only elements that exist in nature as single atoms are... | Noble/inert gases |
| How many elements exist as diatomic? | 7 including oxygen |
| Lattice | A highly ordered arrangement of atoms in a |
| The only elements that exist in nature as single atoms are... | Noble/inert gases |
| How many elements exist as diatomic? | 7 including oxygen |
| Lattice | A highly ordered arrangement of atoms in a repeating format |
| Non-metallic lattices tend to... | Be very hard and strong, cannot easily change shape and are more likely to break, crack or shatter if a force is applied because the atoms cannot slide past each other |
| When oxygen and carbon combine, they can form... | CO2 and CO |
| Evidence for chemical change | Colour change, gas production, the release or absorption of energy, the production of a solid |
| Reactants | Substances that take part in chemical reactions |
| Products | The new substances produced from a reaction |
| Difference between a physical and chemical reaction | Most chemical changes cannot be reversed but most physical changes can be reversed |
| Calcination | The heating of a solid chemical so that it can decompose into different materials |
| Reduction reaction | A different type of chemical reaction that usually converts ore into metal |
| Pyrolysis | Substance is heated intensely but without air present |
| Combustion | A chemical reaction in which a substance burns in oxygen gas to produce heat |
| Extraction | A process that removes a particular substance from a mixture often using a solvent such as water. |
| Filtration | A separation process that involves passing a mixture through a filter so that the residue remains behind and the filtrate passes through |
| Alakalis | Basic substances that will dissolve in water to form an alkaline solution |
| When acids and alkalis are mixed, | A chemical change occurs and new substances are formed |
| pH scale | Acidic <7, alkaline >7, 7 neutral, 1-14 |
| Universal indicator | Used in the laboratory to determine the pH of acidic and alkaline solutions, changes colour depending on pH |
| Three things required for combustion | Fuel, heat, oxygen |
| Exothermic reaction | Releases heat to the environment |
| Fuels | Any substance that takes part in reactions that release energy |
| Examples of fuels | Petrol, natural gas, alcohol, coal, diesel, hydrogen, wood, liquified petroleum gas |
| When a chemical compound is combusted, | The elements in the compound combine with oxygen to form new compounds |
| Incomplete combustion | Occurs when there is not enough oxygen being supplied to the combustion reaction |
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