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plate tectonic vocab

vocabulary on plate tectonics for earth and space science test

TermDefinition
crust the thin, solid outermost layer of earth where we live, which includes both continental crust (landmasses) and oceanic crust (under the oceans)
mantle the thick layer of hot solid-yet-flowing rock located directly beneath the crust
tectonic plates massive, irregularly shaped slabs of the solid lithosphere that fit together like a giant jigsaw puzzle
continental drift the historical theory that Earth's continents were once joined in a single supercontinent and slowly drifted apart over time
pangaea the ancient supercontinent that contained all of Earth's landmasses before breaking apart
convection currents the slow circular motion of hot mantle material rising and cool material sinking, which drives plate movement
plate boundary the active zone or line where two tectonic plates meet and intersect
divergent boundary a location where two tectonic plates pull apart from each other, often creating new seafloor or mid-ocean ridges
convergent boundary a location where two tectonic plates collide or come together
transform boundary a location where two tectonic plates slide horizontally past each other
subduction the process where a denser tectonic plate slides underneath a lighter plate and sinks down into the mantle
mid-ocean ridge a continuous mountain range formed by diverging plates and rising magma
fault a major break, fracture, or crack in the Earth's crust where movement occurs
seismic waves energy waves that travel outward through Earth's interior and surface during an earthquake
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