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Unit 10
Vocab
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Earth system | all of the nonliving things, living things, and processes that make up the planet Earth, including the solid Earth, the hydrosphere, the atmosphere, and the biosphere |
| geosphere | the mostly solid, rocky part of Earth; extends from the center of the core to the surface of the crust |
| hydrosphere | the portion of Earth that is water |
| cryosphere | where water is in solid form, including snow cover, floating ice, glaciers, ice caps, ice sheets, and frozen ground permafrost |
| atmosphere | a mixture of gases that surrounds a planet, moon, or other celestial body |
| biosphere | the part of Earth where life exists; includes all of the living organisms on Earth |
| energy budget | a way to keep track of energy transfers into and out of the Earth system |
| air pressure | the measure of the force with which air molecules push on a surface |
| thermosphere | The upmost layer of the atmosphere, which it's temperature goes up with it's altitude. |
| mesosphere | The layer of the atmosphere between the stratosphere and the thermosphere and it's temperature decrease with altitude. |
| stratosphere | The layer between the the troposphere and the mesosphere plus the temperature increases as the altitude increases. |
| troposphere | The lowest layer of the atmosphere, the temperature decreases as the altitude increases. |
| ozone layer | the layer of the atmosphere at an altitude of 15 to 40 km in which ozone absorbs ultraviolet solar radiation |
| greenhouse effect | The way the Earth warms itself by absorbing gases and reradiating thermal energy. |
| temperature | a measure of how hot or cold something is; specifically, a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object |
| thermal energy | The total kinetic energy of a substance's atoms. |
| thermal expansion | an increase in the size of a substance in response to an increase in the temperature of the substance |
| heat | The energy that is transferred through objects at different temperatures. |
| radiation | the transfer of energy as electromagnetic waves |
| convection | The movement of matter due to differences in density that are caused by different temperatures; can result in the transfer of energy as heat |
| conduction | the transfer of energy as heat through a material |
| wind | the movement of air caused by differences in air pressure |
| Coriolis effect | the curving of the path of a moving object from an otherwise straight path due to Earth’s rotation |
| global wind | the movement of air over Earth’s surface in patterns that are worldwide |
| jet stream | A narrow band of strong winds that blow in the upper troposphere |
| local wind | The movement of air over short distances.; occurs in specific areas as a result of certain geographical features |
| ocean current | A movement of ocean water that follow a regular pattern. |
| surface current | A horizontal movement of ocean water that is caused by wind and happens at or near the ocean's surface. |
| deep current | A stream like movement of ocean water far below the surface. |
| convection current | any movement of matter that results from differences in density; may be vertical, circular, or cyclical |
| upwelling | The movement of deep,cold, and nutrient rich water to the surface. |
Created by:
Kayden bethel
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