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Ultimate ES Stack 5
Our Home planet, Atmosphere, Spheres
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Four elements vital for life (CHON) | Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen |
| an organized group of interconnected components that are interacting to form a unified whole | System- |
| The Earth system is essentially a___ is a system in which there is only an exchange of heat or energy. | CLOSED SYSTEM. |
| Processes in the Earth system act on - length scales of microns to thousands of kilometers, and on - time scales of milliseconds to millions of years. | SCALE |
| The Earth system is powered by: One external source: the sun Two internal sources: - radioactive decay - gravitational energy (heat still being lost from planetary formation). | ENERGY |
| materials in the Earth system is continually recycled in numerous overlapping ____ | CYCLE |
| The earth has ___ major parts | Four (4) |
| THE MIXTURE OF GASES THAT SURROUNDS AND PROTECTS THE EARTH | ATMOSPHERE |
| ATMOSPHERE Composition: | •NITROGEN (78%) •OXYGEN (21%) .ARGON (0.93%) .CARBON DIOXIDE (0.0390%) •WATER VAPOR •OTHER GASES |
| One of the most important processes by which the heat on the Earth's surface is redistributed is through | atmospheric circulation. |
| Dynamic mass of water that is continuously on the move; made up of all the water on the earth (oceans, lakes, glaciers, rivers, etc. ) | HYDROSPHERE |
| Water covers __ or___ of the earth's surface | COVERS 3⁄4 or 70% OF THE EARTH’S SURFACE |
| ONLY __% IS FRESH WATER | 3% |
| change of matter such as gas forms to liquid (water vapor to water) | Condensation |
| product of condensation of water vapor that falls under gravity. Main forms are rain, drizzle, sleet, snow, graupel and hail. | Precipitation |
| change of matter from liquid to gaseous state | Evaporation |
| process where plants give off water vapor through their pores | Transpiration |
| process were water on the ground surface enters the soil | Infiltration |
| flow of excess water on earth’s surface | Surface Runoff |
| INCLUDES ALL LIFE FORMS ON EARTH (IN THE AIR, WATER, AND ON LAND) | BIOSPHERE |
| Carbon flows between each reservoir in an exchange called the ____, which has slow and fast components. Any change in the cycle that shifts carbon out of one reservoir puts more carbon in the other reservoirs. | The Carbon Cycle |
| ALL FEATURES ON THE EARTH’S SURFACE (CRUST) ALONG WITH THE MANTLE, INNER AND OUTER CORES. | GEOSPHERE |
| It’s the light and very thin outer skin of the Earth. - The outermost layer where energy and mineral resources are derived. | CRUST |
| Less dense layer - Made up of silicate rocks, mostly made of the elements silicon, oxygen, iron and magnesium. | MANTLE |
| Denser layer - the Earth’s magnetic field - strengthens the idea that the Earth’s outer ___ is molten/liquid. | CORE |
| includes the rigid crust and the upper part of the mantle. | lithosphere |
| is the partially molten or deforms fluidly like plastic under pressure | Asthenosphere |
| Invisible Blanket | Atmosphere |
| Most predominant gas in Atmosphere | Nitrogen 78% |
| Second most predominant gas in Atmosphere | Oxygen 21% |
| Term for random gas in atmosphere | Trace Gases |
| Used in light bulbs to keep the filament from burning up also known as third most predominant gas in Atmosphere | Argon |
| Closest to the earth, where the weather occurs, | TROPOSPHERE |
| in Troposphere, The temperature | Temperature decreases with altitude |
| Air flows in a horizontal direction, The Ozone layer is found here | STRATOSPHERE |
| In Stratosphere, The temperature | Temperature increases with altitude |
| From the term "middle". Coldest region of the atmosphere | MESOSPHERE |
| In Mesosphere, The temperature | Temperature decreases as altitude increases. |
| space shuttles fly in this area and it is also where the auroras are found. hottest Layer of the atmosphere. | THERMOSPHERE |
| In Thermosphere, The temperature | Temperature increases with altitude |
| The upper limit of our atmosphere. This layer of the atmosphere merges into space. Satellites orbit Earth in the ____ | EXOSPHERE |
| home of charged particles in Atmoshpere, home of our satellites. Is inside exosphere | ionosphere |
| absorbs Sun's ultraviolet radiation | The ozone layer |
| When UV light breaks ___ apart they release chlorine atoms that can destroy ozone molecules. | chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) |
| natural process. the process by which the Earth’s atmosphere warms up. trace gases are referred to as ____ | Greenhouse Effect |
| Sources of Greenhouse Gases | people and animals Volcanoes Animal manure Ozone |
| Greastest contributor to enhanced greenhouse effect | Burning of fossil fuels |
| increase in temperature of the Earth | Global Warming |
| is important to protein which is found in the body tissues of all living things. | Nitrogen |
| is the force per unit area exerted into a surface by the weight of air above that surface in the atmosphere of Earth. | Atmospheric pressure |
| Pressure changes with | altitude |
| A ____ is an instrument that measures atmospheric pressure. | barometer |
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