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Ultimate ES Stack 2
Galaxies and stars
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| is a cluster of stars, gas, and dust that are held together by gravity. | Galaxies |
| do not have definable, regular shapes. contain young stars, dust, and gas. | Irregular Galaxy |
| look like flattened balls. Because of the lack of gas and dust, new stars cannot form in it, and so they contain only old stars. | Elliptical Galaxy |
| consist of a flat, rotating disk with stars, gas, and dust and a central concentration of stars, known as the bulge. The bulge is surrounded by a much fainter halo of stars. Middle aged stars | Spiral galaxies |
| Our Milky Way galaxy has recently (in the 1990s) been confirmed to be a type of spiral galaxy known as a: | barred spiral galaxy. |
| gigantic cloud of gas and dust from which stars are made; sometimes called a “Stellar Nursery” | Stellar Nebula- |
| When a star runs out of fuel to burn, its outer layers of gas are blown outward in the shape of a ring. | Planetary Nebula- |
| A __ contains hydrogen gas that forms helium through a process known as nuclear fusion. Stars form when gravity pulls together gas and dust from stellar nebula. | Stars |
| A star is born when the contracting gas and dust become so hot that nuclear fusion begins. The contracting cloud is then called a ___ | protostar. |
| Main Sequence is the stage in which stars spend the majority of their lifetime. Small and medium stars first become | red giants. |
| The blue, white, hot core is left behind causing a | white dwarf. |
| When there is no more energy, it becomes a ___ It is the remaining burnt-out cinder left, as the star goes out. | black dwarf. |
| A dying giant, or ____ can suddenly explode. | supergiant star, |
| Within hours, the star blazes millions of times brighter. The explosion is called a | supernova. |
| After a star explodes, some material from the star is left behind. This material may become part of a planetary nebula. The core will compress and form a ___. __ are even smaller and more dense than white dwarfs. | Neutron Stars |
| The gravity of this mass is so strong that the gas is pulled inward, packing it into a smaller and smaller space. These massive stars become____ when they die | Black Holes |
| How can you differentiate between the stars? | We can compare stars by color, temperature, size, and brightness. |
| 2000 degrees C stars are ___ in color | red |
| 50 000 degrees C stars are ___ in color | blue |
| is the distance traveled by light (at the speed of 300, 000 km/s) for a period of one year. | Light-year |
| Another unit to express distance is the ___ which is equivalent to 3.26 lightyears. | parsec |
| 0.08 solar masses | Red dwarf |
| 1 solar mass | Sun |
| Old stars 5 solar masses | Red Giant |
| 150 solar masses | Blue-white supergiant |
| refers to the brightness of a star as it appears to us. | Apparent Magnitude |
| refers to the actual brightness given off by a star at a standard distance. | Absolute Magnitude |
| How is the color of a star related to its temperature? | The color of a star depends on its temperature, from red and orange (cool stars) to yellow and white (hotter stars) to blue (very hot stars). |
| Explain why a cooler star could actually appear brighter than a hotter star. | A cool star, such as a red giant, could be either closer to us or much larger than a hotter star, such as a white dwarf. (Could be closer and larger) |
| How do distances of stars are expressed? | Distance of stars are expressed in lightyears |
| What classification of color does Sun belong? | Yellow-dwarf |
| Why do we see sun as brighter? | Because it is nearer |
| WHERE ARE STARS BORN? | Stars are Formed in The Eagle Nebula. |
| WHY DO STARS TWINKLE? | Stars twinkle because of the sacks of warm and cold air present in the atmosphere. Because of these disturbances in the path of light produced by the stars they seem to twinkle. |
| WHAT ARE SHOOTING STARS? | Meteors |
| What is a meteorite? | A meteor that has fallen past the atmosphere onto the earth |
| HOW ARE STARS USEFUL? | The stars are useful to the humans in many ways, as the Sun which provides energy to the whole Earth. And they also tell us about the directions. |
| the nearest star to our planet and is the life source for all the living beings on earth. | The Sun |
| The stars forming a group that has a recognisable shape is called a | CONSTELLATION |
| It is the constellation that is found at the early nights in summer. There are seven constant stars in this constellation. This constellation ca be used to find the pole star which is in the north direction. | URSA MAJOR |
| Orion is the constellation that ca be seen during winter in the late evenings. It has eight bright stars. The three stars in the middle show the belt of the Hunter. The three stars show the star Sirius. | ORION |
| It is a prominent constellation seen in the northern sky during the winter in early night. | CASSIOPEIA |
| is one of the constellation of the zodiac. It forms a lion in the sky. | LEO MAJOR |
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