Help
Options
Didn't know it?
click below
click below
Knew it?
click below
click below
Don't Know
Remaining cards (0)
Know
retry
shuffle
restart
0:00
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Psychology 1
Psychology
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Retrieval Practice | The more you practice, the easier your long term memory will be able to recall |
| Social Cognition | The study of how information about people is processed and stored in our brains |
| Sceme | Mental representations of how we percieve others or things |
| Top Down Processing | Thinking/behaving based on our previous expectations and thinking |
| Peripheral Route Persuasion | Occurs when people are influenced by incidental cues such as a speakers attractiveness |
| Central Route Persuasion | Occurs when interested people's thinking is influenced by considering evidence |
| Social Psychology | The scientific study of how we think about and relate to one another |
| Attribution Theory | The theory that we explain someone's behavior by crediting either the situation or person's disposition |
| Fundamental Attribution Error | When you blame someone’s personality for their actions but ignore the situation they are in |
| Foot-in-the-door Phenomenon | People are more likely to agree to a big request after first agreeing to a small request |
| Cognitive Dissonance Theory | When your actions and beliefs conflict, causing discomfort that you want to reduce |
| Biopsychosocial Model | Everything psychological is biological and has social factors |
| Situational Attribution | Blaming the situation for why someone did something instead of blaming their personality |
| Explanatory Factor | The reason used to explain why a behavior happened |
| Pessimistic | Expecting bad things to happen or focusing on the negative |
| Optimistic | Expecting good things to happen or focusing on the positive |
| Locus of Control | Internal --> You make things happen External --> Things happen to you |
| Self-Fulfilling Prophecy | An explanation that leads to its own fulfillment |
| Cognitive Bias | Error in thinking that affects how we make judgements |
| Self-Serving Bias | Taking personal credit for your successes and blaming situational factors for your failures |
| Actor-observer Bias | Blaming your actions on the situation and other people's on their personality |
| Mere Exposure Effect | The more you see something the more you like it |
| Social Comparisons | The tendency to compare ourselves to others |
| Relative Deprivation | Feeling unhappy because you believe you have less than other people |
| False Consensus | Belief everyone shares your same attitude |
| Belief Perserverence | Continuing to believe something even after evidence shows its wrong |
| Confirmation Bias | More likely to believe facts that support your beliefs and less likely to believe things that contradict those beliefs |
| Elaboration Likelihood Model | A theory explaining how people are persuaded either by careful thinking about facts or by simple cues, like attractiveness or popularity |
| Norms | Understood rules for accepted and expected behavior |
| Social Contagion | When ideas, behaviors, emotions spread from one person to another |
| Conformity | Adjusting our behavior or thinking toward a group standard |
| Normative Social Influence | Changing your behavior to fit in with or be accepted by a group |
| Informational Social Influence | When you copy others because you think what they know is correct |
| Social Facilitation | Performing better on simple or well-learned tasks when other people are present |
| Social Loafing | When people put in less effort because they're working in a group |
| Deindividualization | When someone loses their sense of individual identity and acts differently because they feel anonymous in a group |
| Group Polarization | When people in a group become more extreme in their opinions after discussing them together |
| Dispositional Attributes | Personality traits or characteristics that influence a person’s behavior |
| Door-in-the-face Phenomenon | Making a big request first, then a smaller request that seems easier to agree to |
| Prejudice | An unfair negative attitude toward a group of people |
| Implicit Prejudice | Unconscious or automatic prejudice you may not realize you have |
| Explicit Prejudice | Prejudice you are aware of having |
| Stereotype | A generalized belief about a group of people |
| Discrimination | Unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group of people |
| Just-World Phenomenon | The belief that the world is just and people get what they deserve |
| Ingroup | A group you belong to |
| Outgroup | A group you don't belong to |
| Ingroup Bias | The tendency to favor your own group |
| Scapegoat Theory | The idea that prejudice gives us someone to blame for our own problems |
| Other-race Effect | The tendency to recognize faces of your own race better than others |
| Hindsight Bias | The belief that you "knew it all along" after something happened |
| Aggression | Physical or verbal behavior intended to harm someone |
| Frustration-Aggression Principle | The principle that frustration -- the blocking of an attempt to achieve a goal -- creates anger, which can generate aggression |
| Social Scripts | A culturally modeled guide for how to act in various situations |
| Companionate Love | Deep affection and attachment we feel for those who are important to our lives |
| Equity | Relationships should be fair and equal for both |
| Self-Discolsure | Sharing personal information about yourself with others |
| Altruism | Helping others without expecting anything in return |
| Bystander Effect | The tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present |
| Social Exchange Theory | Theory that our social behavior is an exchange process where we aim to maximize benefits and minimize costs |
| Reciprocity Norm | An expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who help them |
| Social-Responsibility Norm | An expectation that people will help those who need help |
| Social Trap | A situation where two sides pursue their own interests instead of the good of the group, leading to harmful behavior |
| Mirror-Image Perception | Two sides in a conflict see the other as an enemy and their side as 'right' |
| Superordinate Goals | Shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation |
| Informed Consent | We want our subjects to agree to participate, however if they know it may influence their behavior |
| Deception | We can use deception but we must debrief with subjects once done |
| Protect from harm/discomfort | Psychologist are in it for the good; don't want to do psychological harm |
| Confidentiality | Report data; not attach subjects name |
| IRB | Institutional Review Board; review plan and make sure researchers do everything to follow ethical codes |
| Social Inhibition | When people watch you at a task you're not good at, you do worse |
| Diffusion of Responsibility | When someone fails to take action because others aren't acting so they supposed no action is needed |
| Groupthink | A group of people make irrational or flawed decisions because they value harmony and agreement more than critical thinking |
| Minority Influence | When a small group or a single individual changes the attitudes, beliefs, or behaviors of a larger majority |
| Ethnocentrism | The tendency to use your own culture as a standard to judge other cultures |
| Halo Effect | When we don't know someone and know one trait about them, we make assumptions based off that one trait |
| Outgroup Homogeneity Effect | Viewing members of outside groups as the same, and seeing members of your own group as different |
| IO Psychology | Field of psychology; study of how people work together |
Created by:
Mehak P
Popular Science sets