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Material Science

TermDefinition
alloy a metal made by combining two or more metallic materials
semi-conductor a crystalline solid whose conductivity is between that of a conductor and an insulator only allows electrical current through under certain conditions
conductor a material (usually metal) that allows electric charge to flow easily due to free/mobile electrons
insulator a material that resists the flow of electric current; electricity is unable to pass through it
ASTM International a nonprofit org that writes, manages, and publishes various standards
3 Main Types of Materials: Metals, Ceramics, Polymers
Polymer a material made of many macromolecules, which are formed by repeating monomers Ex: PVC
macromolecule a molecule containing a very large number of atoms
macromolecules are composed of repeating strands of simple chemical units called... mers
mer (repeat unit) the fundamental repeating structural unit of a polymer chain
crystalline a solid material in which atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a repeating 3D pattern (crystal lattice)
grain the small crystalline regions within a material
amorphous non-crystalline solids whose atoms are arranged randomly rather than in a repeating crystal lattice
polycrystalline a solid material composed of many small crystalline regions (grains/crystallites)
Metals a solid material that is usually hard, shiny and ductile with good electrical and thermal conductivity
Ceramics inorganic, non-metallic materials that are usually hard, brittle, and resistant to heat and chemical corrosion
Created by: Phillies55
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