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Heredity and Genetic

Heredity and Genetics Key Terms

QuestionAnswer
Asexual Reproduction Chromosomes are copied from a single parent
Sexual Reproduction Chromosomes are combined from two parents
Genetic Variation Differences in genetic information among organisms
Heredity The process by which offspring inherit traits from their parents
Trait A characteristic of an organism
Chromosome A structure made of DNA that carries hundreds of genes
Gene A section of DNA with instructions for a trait
DNA The genetic material that contains instructions for an organism
Allele Different versions of the same gene
Dominant An allele that is always expressed if present (A)
Recessive An allele that can be hidden by a dominant allele. (Recessive traits are only expressed when both alleles are recessive (a))
Mitosis Creates genetically identical cells
Meiosis Creates gametes with half the number of chromosomes
Gametes A special cell that has half the number of chromosomes and is used for reproduction.
Fertilization When two gametes combine to create a cell with the correct number of chromosomes.
Genotype The combination of alleles an organism has
Phenotype The observable trait
Homozygous Having two of the same alleles for a trait (YY or yy)
Heterozygous Having two different alleles for a trait (Yy)
Punnett Square A model that uses parent genotypes to predict possible offspring.
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