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Unit 2: Cell Theory
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| cell | the basic structural and functional unit of all living thing |
| prokaryote | microscopic, unicellular organisms lacking a (NO) nucleus and membrane-bound organelles |
| eukaryote | organisms (animals, plants, fungi, protists) whose cells feature a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles |
| organelle | specialized, membrane-bound structures within cells (primarily eukaryotes) act like "little organs," performing specific, essential functions: energy production, waste disposal, and protein synthesis to maintain cellular homeostasis |
| plasma membrane | a thin, flexible, semipermeable barrier composed of a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins that surrounds all living cells |
| cell wall | a rigid, protective layer outside the cell membrane in plants, fungi, bacteria, algae, and some archaea that provides structural support, shape, and protection, preventing overexpansion from water intake |
| chloroplast | specialized organelles found in plant and algae cells that conduct photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy (glucose) using chlorophyll |
| cilia | short microscopic hairlike vibrating structure found in some protozoans and other small organisms, providing propulsion. |
| cytoplasm | the semifluid substance of a cell that is external (outside) to the nuclear membrane and internal to the cellular membrane |
| exoskeleton | a rigid external covering providing support, protection, and a framework for muscle attachment in animals like insects and crustaceans, |
| endoplasmic reticulum smooth | (SER) is a network of tubule membranes lacking ribosomes, responsible for lipid synthesis, detoxification, calcium storage, and carbohydrate metabolism. |
| endoplasmic reticulum rough | (RER) is a network of membranes in eukaryotic cells, continuous with the nuclear envelope, covered with ribosomes, giving it a "rough" appearance. I |
| cytoskeleton | large network of consisting of protein fibers and other molecules that gives shape and structure to cells in the body |
| flagella | a slender threadlike structure, especially a microscopic appendage that enables many protozoa, bacteria, spermatozoa, etc. to swim. |
| vesicle | small, membrane-bound sacs within eukaryotic cells that function as essential transport, storage, and processing units |
| Golgi apparatus | is made up of a series of flattened, stacked pouches and responsible for transporting, modifying, and packaging proteins and lipids into vesicles for delivery to targeted destinations. |
| lysosome | responsible for the digestion of macromolecules, old cell parts, and microorganisms |
| mitochondria | membrane-bound organelle found in the cytoplasm whose primary function of which is to generate large quantities of energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) |
| ribosome | serves as the site of protein synthesis - attached to the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum |
| vacuole | space within a cell that is empty of cytoplasm, lined with a membrane, and filled with fluid |
| chlorophyll | absorbs energy from light; this energy is then used to convert carbon dioxide to carbohydrate and found in virtually all photosynthetic organisms, including green plants, cyanobacteria, and algae |
| plasmid | circular deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecules that replicate independently of the bacterial chromosome. |
| membrane bound organelles | outer boundary is the plasma membrane, and the compartments enclosed by internal membranes are called organelles |
Created by:
Wesley Rogers