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chapter 4,5,10
biology test
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| energy | capacity to perform work |
| work | rearrange matter. object is moved against and opposing force |
| kinetic | energy of motion |
| heat | thermal energy |
| light | kinetic energy harnessed to perform work |
| potential energy | stored energy resulting from objects location |
| chemical energy | potential energy of molecules |
| thermodynamics | study of energy transformations in matter |
| system | matter under study at any given time |
| surroundings | everything outside the system under study |
| chemical reactions | store or release energy |
| endergonic | input of energy. produces products rich in potential energy |
| exergonic | releases energy. produces products with less potential energy than the original reactants |
| photosynthesis | energy-poor reactants of carbon dioxide and water. produces energy-rich sugar molecules |
| cellular respiration | uses oxygen and energy-rich sugar molecules. produces chemical energy in usable form |
| cellular metabolism | all the chemical reactions in a cell |
| energy coupling | use of energy released from exergonic reactions to drive endergonic reactions |
| atp | adenosine triphosphate |
| atp | powers almost all cellular work |
| 3 main types of cellular work | chemical, mechanical, transport |
| energy of activation | amount of energy that reactants must absorb to become activated and start a chemical reaction |
| enzymes | proteins that function as biological catalysts |
| cofactors | non-protein 'helper' for an enzyme |
| conenzymes | an organic cofactor |
| inhibitor | chemical that interferes with an enzyme's activity |
| feedback inhibition | the reaction is blocked by its own product |
| fluid mosaic | movement of molecules of all types composed of many small pieces |
| diffusion | tendency for particles of any kind to spread out evenly in an available space |
| concentration gradient | movement of particles from an area of high concentration to low concentration |
| passive transport | movement of substances down a concentration gradient. uses no energy |
| facilitated diffusion | transport proteins in membranes assisting molecules to move down a concentration gradient |
| osmosis | the diffusion of water |
| tonicity | tendency of a cell to gain or lose water |
| osmoregulation | control of water balance |
| plasmolysis | plant cell membrane pulling away from cell wall in hypertonic solution |
| active transport | move molecules across a membrane against the concentration gradient |
| exocytosis | method to removing bulky items from a cell |
| endocytosis | method of bringin bulky items into a cell |
Created by:
liddleLizz
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