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DYNAMICS
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Piano (p) | Soft. |
| How to identify Piano (p) in a score exerpt | Look for p beneath or above the stave. |
| Mezzo piano (mp) | Moderately soft. |
| How to identify Mezzo piano (mp) in a score exerpt | Look for mp beneath or above the stave. |
| Forte (f) | Loud. |
| How to identify Forte (f) in a score exerpt | Look for f beneath or above the stave. |
| Fortissimo (ff) | Very loud. |
| How to identify Fortissimo (ff) in a score exerpt | Look for ff beneath or above the stave. |
| Crescendo | Gradually becoming louder. |
| How to identify Crescendo in a score exerpt | Look for cresc. or a hairpin that opens outward (<). |
| Diminuendo | Gradually becoming softer. |
| How to identify Diminuendo in a score exerpt | Look for dim., decresc. or a hairpin that closes inward (>). |
| Sforzando (sfz) | A sudden, forceful emphasis on a note or chord. |
| How to identify Sforzando (sfz) in a score exerpt | Look for sfz, sf or fz beside the note or chord. |