Question 1

theory

Accepted Answer

Something based on tons of supporting evidence. Scientists make them a lot, but they change overtime based on other things.

Question 2

experiment

Accepted Answer

The act of using things and testing them, gathering evidence, and eventually doing it again until you get a result.

Question 3

hypothesis

Accepted Answer

A starting guess/theory of an experiment. Basically, an idea of what will happen before you start.

Question 4

dependent variable

Accepted Answer

A variable/thing that depends on another.

Question 5

observation

Accepted Answer

Looking at something to study it, or to get information from it.

Question 6

Conclusion

Accepted Answer

The ending or final result of  your science experiment.

Question 7

Inference

Accepted Answer

A logical conclusion drawn from your observations.

Question 8

Earth system

Accepted Answer

Earth System Science is the study of the interconnected components of our environment, and how they interact to produce an integrated whole.

Question 9

Geosphere

Accepted Answer

any of the almost spherical concentric regions of matter that make up the earth and its atmosphere, as the lithosphere and hydrosphere.

Question 10

Hydrosphere

Accepted Answer

A hydrosphere is the total amount of water on a planet. The hydrosphere includes water that is on the surface of the planet, underground and in the air.

Question 11

Cryosphere

Accepted Answer

the region of the earth's surface where water is in the form of ice or snow.

Question 12

Atmosphere

Accepted Answer

the envelope of gases surrounding the earth or another planet.

Question 13

Biosphere

Accepted Answer

the regions of the surface, atmosphere, and hydrosphere of the earth (or analogous parts of other planets) occupied by living organisms.

Question 14

Energy budget

Accepted Answer

Earth’s energy budget represents the balance between the amount of energy incoming to Earth from the Sun and the amount of energy outgoing from Earth back to space.

Question 15

Air pressure

Accepted Answer

Air pressure is the force or weight of air molecules pushing down on Earth's surface and everything it touches.

Question 16

Thermosphere

Accepted Answer

the region of the atmosphere above the mesosphere and below the height at which the atmosphere ceases to have the properties of a continuous medium. The thermosphere is characterized throughout by an increase in temperature with height.

Question 17

Mesosphere

Accepted Answer

the region of the earth's atmosphere above the stratosphere and below the thermosphere, between about 30 and 50 miles (50 and 80 km) in altitude.

Question 18

Stratosphere

Accepted Answer

the layer of the earth's atmosphere above the troposphere, extending to about 32 miles (50 km) above the earth's surface (the lower boundary of the mesosphere).

Question 19

Troposphere

Accepted Answer

the lowest region of the atmosphere, extending from the earth's surface to a height of about 3.7–6.2 miles (6–10 km), which is the lower boundary of the stratosphere.

Question 20

Ozone layer

Accepted Answer

a layer in the earth's stratosphere at an altitude of about 6.2 miles (10 km) containing a high concentration of ozone, which absorbs most of the ultraviolet radiation reaching the earth from the sun.

Question 21

Greenhouse effect

Accepted Answer

the trapping of the sun's warmth in a planet's lower atmosphere, due to the greater transparency of the atmosphere to visible radiation from the sun than to infrared radiation emitted from the planet's surface.

Question 22

Temperature

Accepted Answer

In science, temperature is a measure of the average speed and energy of the tiny moving particles (atoms and molecules) that make up an object.

Question 23

Thermal energy

Accepted Answer

Thermal energy is the total internal energy produced by the microscopic, random movement and vibration of atoms and molecules within a substance.

Question 24

Heat

Accepted Answer

heat is the transfer of thermal energy from one object or system to another due to a difference in temperature.

Question 25

Radiation

Accepted Answer

radiation is the emission or transmission of energy in the form of waves or particles through space or through a material medium.

Question 26

Convection

Accepted Answer

Convection is the transfer of heat through the movement of heated fluids like liquids or gases.

Question 27

Conduction

Accepted Answer

Conduction in science is the transfer of thermal or electrical energy through direct physical contact between particles of matter, without the overall movement of the matter itself.

Question 28

Wind

Accepted Answer

wind is the large-scale movement of air or other gases relative to a planet's surface, flowing horizontally from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure.

Question 29

Coriolis effect

Accepted Answer

The Coriolis effect is an apparent curving path of objects moving long distances over the Earth, caused by the planet's rotation.

Question 30

Global winds

Accepted Answer

Global winds are large-scale patterns of air circulation that move across the Earth's surface in steady, predictable directions.

Question 31

Jet stream

Accepted Answer

A jet stream is a fast, narrow current of strong winds flowing from west to east high in the Earth's atmosphere.

Question 32

Local winds

Accepted Answer

Local winds are winds that blow over a limited area. Local winds blow between small low and high pressure systems.

Question 33

Ocean wind

Accepted Answer

An ocean current is a continuous, directed movement of seawater generated by forces like wind, the Earth's rotation, and water density differences.

Question 34

Surface current

Accepted Answer

A surface current is a continuous, directed movement of ocean water in the upper layer of the water column, primarily driven by global wind friction.

Question 35

Deep current

Accepted Answer

Deep ocean currents, characterized by both vertical and horizontal movements of seawater, play a crucial role in the global ocean system.

Question 36

Convection current

Accepted Answer

A convection current is a continuous circular pattern of fluid movement driven by differences in temperature and density.

Question 37

Upwelling

Accepted Answer

Upwelling is an oceanographic process where strong winds and the Earth's rotation push warm surface water away, allowing cold, nutrient-dense water from the deep ocean to rise to the surface.

Nature of Science

unit 1- very amazingz be teh scared :0

Term	Definition
empirical evidence
theory	Something based on tons of supporting evidence. Scientists make them a lot, but they change overtime based on other things.
law
experiment	The act of using things and testing them, gathering evidence, and eventually doing it again until you get a result.
hypothesis	A starting guess/theory of an experiment. Basically, an idea of what will happen before you start.
dependent variable	A variable/thing that depends on another.
observation	Looking at something to study it, or to get information from it.
Conclusion	The ending or final result of your science experiment.
Inference	A logical conclusion drawn from your observations.
Earth system	Earth System Science is the study of the interconnected components of our environment, and how they interact to produce an integrated whole.
Geosphere	any of the almost spherical concentric regions of matter that make up the earth and its atmosphere, as the lithosphere and hydrosphere.
Hydrosphere	A hydrosphere is the total amount of water on a planet. The hydrosphere includes water that is on the surface of the planet, underground and in the air.
Cryosphere	the region of the earth's surface where water is in the form of ice or snow.
Atmosphere	the envelope of gases surrounding the earth or another planet.
Biosphere	the regions of the surface, atmosphere, and hydrosphere of the earth (or analogous parts of other planets) occupied by living organisms.
Energy budget	Earth’s energy budget represents the balance between the amount of energy incoming to Earth from the Sun and the amount of energy outgoing from Earth back to space.
Air pressure	Air pressure is the force or weight of air molecules pushing down on Earth's surface and everything it touches.
Thermosphere	the region of the atmosphere above the mesosphere and below the height at which the atmosphere ceases to have the properties of a continuous medium. The thermosphere is characterized throughout by an increase in temperature with height.
Mesosphere	the region of the earth's atmosphere above the stratosphere and below the thermosphere, between about 30 and 50 miles (50 and 80 km) in altitude.
Stratosphere	the layer of the earth's atmosphere above the troposphere, extending to about 32 miles (50 km) above the earth's surface (the lower boundary of the mesosphere).
Troposphere	the lowest region of the atmosphere, extending from the earth's surface to a height of about 3.7–6.2 miles (6–10 km), which is the lower boundary of the stratosphere.
Ozone layer	a layer in the earth's stratosphere at an altitude of about 6.2 miles (10 km) containing a high concentration of ozone, which absorbs most of the ultraviolet radiation reaching the earth from the sun.
Greenhouse effect	the trapping of the sun's warmth in a planet's lower atmosphere, due to the greater transparency of the atmosphere to visible radiation from the sun than to infrared radiation emitted from the planet's surface.
Temperature	In science, temperature is a measure of the average speed and energy of the tiny moving particles (atoms and molecules) that make up an object.
Thermal energy	Thermal energy is the total internal energy produced by the microscopic, random movement and vibration of atoms and molecules within a substance.
Heat	heat is the transfer of thermal energy from one object or system to another due to a difference in temperature.
Radiation	radiation is the emission or transmission of energy in the form of waves or particles through space or through a material medium.
Convection	Convection is the transfer of heat through the movement of heated fluids like liquids or gases.
Conduction	Conduction in science is the transfer of thermal or electrical energy through direct physical contact between particles of matter, without the overall movement of the matter itself.
Wind	wind is the large-scale movement of air or other gases relative to a planet's surface, flowing horizontally from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure.
Coriolis effect	The Coriolis effect is an apparent curving path of objects moving long distances over the Earth, caused by the planet's rotation.
Global winds	Global winds are large-scale patterns of air circulation that move across the Earth's surface in steady, predictable directions.
Jet stream	A jet stream is a fast, narrow current of strong winds flowing from west to east high in the Earth's atmosphere.
Local winds	Local winds are winds that blow over a limited area. Local winds blow between small low and high pressure systems.
Ocean wind	An ocean current is a continuous, directed movement of seawater generated by forces like wind, the Earth's rotation, and water density differences.
Surface current	A surface current is a continuous, directed movement of ocean water in the upper layer of the water column, primarily driven by global wind friction.
Deep current	Deep ocean currents, characterized by both vertical and horizontal movements of seawater, play a crucial role in the global ocean system.
Convection current	A convection current is a continuous circular pattern of fluid movement driven by differences in temperature and density.
Upwelling	Upwelling is an oceanographic process where strong winds and the Earth's rotation push warm surface water away, allowing cold, nutrient-dense water from the deep ocean to rise to the surface.

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