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HGE by beamyy
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| the elastic tendency of liquids which makes them acquire the least surface area possible. It is responsible, for example, when an object or insect such as | Surface Tension |
| the ratio between the volume of water and the volume of voids. | Degree of Saturation |
| the ratio between the volume of void and the volume of the soil mass | Porosity |
| the ratio between the weight of water and the weight of solid particles | Moisture Content |
| who states the law of buoyancy | Archimedes |
| a flow in which the velocity of the fluid at a particular fixed point does not change with time. | Steady Flow |
| is the component of shear strength of a rock or soil that is independent of interparticle friction. | Cohesion |
| a phenomenon in which the strength and stiffness of a soil is reduced by earthquake shaking or other rapid loading. | Liquefaction |
| a pile of sand keeps from spreading out like a liquid because the weight of the sand keeps the grains stuck together in their current arrangement, mostly out of static friction. This weight and pressure called __ | Effective Stress |
| not a soil component | Gas (Note: Components of soil are organic materials, minerals, etc.) |
| -a practice procedure used to assess the particle size distribution (also called gradation) of a granular material. The size distribution is often called of critical importance to the way the material performs in use. | Sieve Analysis |
| according to USCS, is a soil grain with grain size greater than 4.75 mm but less than 75 mm. (75 mm > 4.75 mm) | Gravel |
| particles of rock will not pass a 12 in (200 mm). (200 mm < …) | Boulders |
| particles of rock that will pass a 12in (300 mm) square opening and be retained on a 3in (75 mm). (300 mm > 75 mm) | Cobble |
| (75 mm > 19 mm) passes 3in (75 mm) sieve and retains ¾in (19 mm) sieve. What aggregate | Coarse Aggregate |
| (19 mm > 4.75 mm) passes ¾in (19 mm) sieve and retains No. 4 (4.75 mm) sieve. What aggregate | Fine Aggregate |
| ____ affects the settlement of footing. | - Location of GWT - depth of backfill - plasticity of soil |
| when the path lines of the individual particles of a flowing liquid are irregular curves and continually cross each other and form a complicated network. | Turbulent |
| a line joining the points of highest elevation of water in a series of vertical open pipes rising from a pipeline in which water flows under pressure. | Hydraulic gradient |
| a pressure surge or wave caused when a fluid in motion is forced to stop or change direction suddenly (momentum change) is referred to in hydraulics. | Water Hammer |
| - a cohesive soil deposit is considered soft if the unconfined compression strength in kPa. | 0 to 24 |
| temperature at which liquid water has the highest density. | 4 C° |
| a principle of mechanics that the pressure exerted onto a liquid is transmitted equally and undiminished to all portions of the liquid. | Pascals |
| a principle that in any stream flowing steadily without friction the total energy contained is the same at every point in its path of flow. | Bernoulli |
| No. ___ is for determining the atterberg limit which is the plastic and liquid limits, the soil sample must pass through 0.425 mm sieve. | No. 40 |
| Easy to compact, high shear strength and prone to settlement due to vibrating load are the characteristics of ___ | cohesionless soil |
| In standard penetration tests, medium dense sand has a number of blows of __ to ___ | 10 to 30 |
| The_____ of a soil increases with increase in normal stress. | shear strength |
| ____ test acts on all plane axes except x and y axis. | Triaxial shear test |
| In what plan is the additional stress (deviator stress) can affect the shear stress? | Horizontal |
| ___ is a test not performed in a laboratory. | Vane Test |
| In AASHTO, soil greater than 75mm is classified as | cobbles |
| In 1.3cNc + qNq + 0.4BɣNɣ, Nc, Nq and Nɣ are function of __ | angle of friction |
| When molecules get attracted to others it is called __ | cohesion |
| Where is the metacenter for stable equilibrium? | Above center of gravity. |
| If the volume of voids is equal to the volume of solids, what is the porosity and void equal to respectively? | 0.5 and 1.0 |
| The ______ of a cohesionless soil is proportional to the tangent of the angle of shearing resistance. | shear strength |
| The intensity of vertical stress at a depth due to a point load acting on the surface of a semi infinite elastic soil mass is __ | directly proportional to the square of depth |
| When the metacenter of a floating body is lower than the center of gravity, then the body will be in ___ | unstable equilibrium. |
| The metacentric height is the distance between the ___ | center of the gravity of the floating body and the metacenter |
| ______ on piles caused by soft clay, decreases the pile capacity and due to relative settlement of soil. | Negative skin friction |
| __ of liquid does not vary on any other planet. | Specific weight |
| In civil engineering, soil is a __ | structural material or uncemented aggregate. |
| The weight per unit volume of a liquid at a standard temperature and pressure is called __ | specific weight |
| The specific weight of water is 1000 kg/m³ A. At normal pressure of 760 mmHg B. At 4°C temperature C. At mean sea level D. All these | D. All these |
| . Low-density of air was added to the balloon. Why does it float? | Due to buoyancy |
| If a gate is inclined 45° from the horizontal, what is the location of the C.P. (Center of Pressure)? | Below of C.G. |
| What are the types (characteristics) of flow in fluid mechanics? A. Chaotic, steady B. Laminar, turbulent, uniform C. Steady, unsteady, normal D. Gravity, pump, pressurized | Laminar, turbulent, uniform |
| If depth of water doubles, what happens to the hydrostatic force? | It doubles (answer key pero dapat ika 4) |
| The maximum dry density up to which any soil can be compacted depends upon: | Both moisture content and amount of compaction energy |
| What property increases when soil is compacted? | Angle of internal friction |
| . What test is not reliable to show the present field condition of soil? | Unconfined Compression Test |
| The neutral stress in soil mass is? | Stress taken up by the pore water |
| Which laboratory test can be performed under all three drainage conditions with complete control over pore pressure? | Triaxial Shear Test |
| In a rapid loading test, why is clay prone to shear failure? | Because there is no drainage |
| Which of the following soil types has the highest cohesion | Clay |
| What is the most common test used in the Philippines (Ph) for finding the field density of soil? | Sand cone method |
| Fluid particles move smoothly in well-defined, parallel layers with minimal mixing | Laminar flow |
| Fluid motion is chaotic, mixing heavily with unpredictable velocity fluctuations and eddies. | Turbulent flow |
| The velocity of the fluid does not change with respect to space (location) at any given time. | Uniform flow |
| If velocities of fluid particles vary from point to point in magnitude and direction, as well as from instant to instant, the flow is said to be __ | turbulent |
| Which of the following is the primary factor that LEAST affects the shear strength of the soil? | Particle size |
| Which of the following statements about Bernoulli's equation is true? | it assumes no energy loss due to friction |
| What does an unconfined compression test not apply to? | Dry sands |
| A slope in Nueva Ecija with angle 28 deg and int. friction of 26 deg failed after several days of rainfall. Which condition most likely triggered failure? | Pore pressure increase |
| A building constructed on reclaimed land in Manila experiences continued settlement 5 years after completion. This is most likely due to | Primary consolidation |
| Piezometers are used to measure ____ | pressure in water channels, pipes, etc. |
| In which body of water will a person float more easily? | Dead Sea |
| One of the following is the primary factor for the time-dependent settlement of an as-built structure: | consolidation of the underlying compressible soil layers |
| Why is effective stress important in analyzing soil strength? | it controls the strength and deformation |
| The utilization of soil as a construction material depends upon its strength in ____ | shear |
| Which of the following is NOT a component of soil stress? a) pore water pressure b) effective stress c) cohesion d) total stress | cohesion |
| What is the most probable reason for choosing a deep foundation instead of a shallow one? | Poor soil near the surface |
| Which of the following parameters is typically zero for dry sand? | Cohesion |
| The angle of internal friction is most influenced by which factor in granular soils? | Particle shape and gradation |
| Enumerate 3 types of permeability test commonly used in the Philippines | Constant head, Falling head and Pumping test |
| Why is knowing is the optimum moisture content important in soil compaction for roadworks in provinces like Quezon or Batangas? | It ensures maximum dry density is achieved |
| Which law ensures that what flows into a pipe section must flow out, assuming incompressible fluid? | Continuity Equation |
| Archimedes' principle states that: | a floating body displaces a weight of fluid equal to its own weight |
| The name for the flow in which quantity does not vary with time at any location along the channel is | steady flow |
| A flow net is constructed of | isobars and streamlines |
| Granular soils tend to densify and consolidate if subjected to vibrations and seismic shaking. When saturated granular soils undergo seismic vibrations, they become subject to cyclic shear deformation, which causes an increase in pore water pressure. | liquefaction |
| The lateral earth pressure on a retaining wall | proportional to the depth of the soil |
| The internal molecular attraction of a soil, the cohesion | is more in well compacted clays |
| When drainage is permitted under initially applied normal stress only and full primary consolidation is allowed to take place, the test is known as | consolidated undrained test |
| The coefficient of compressibility of soil, is the ratio of | strain to stress |
| Accurate determination of water content, is made by | oven-drying method |
| The liquid limit and plastic limit exist in | clay soils |
| The ultimate Settlement of a soil is directly proportional to: | depth of the compressible soil strata & compressive index |
| Pick up the correct statement from the following: Failure plane carries maximum shear stress Failure plane does not carry maximum shear stress Failure plane carries shear stress equal to maximum shear stress None of these hehe | Failure plane does not carry maximum shear stress |
| The horizontal component of the force on a curved surface is equal to | force on a vertical projection of the curved surface |
| When a body is totally or partially immersed in a fluid, it is buoyed up by a force equal to | weight of the fluid displaced by the body |
| Energy equation is usually applicable to | steady flow |
| Hydraulic grade line: remains above the centre line of conduit remains below the centre line of conduit remains parallel to the centre line of conduit may be above or below the centre line of conduit | may be above or below the centre line of conduit |
| The soil moisture driven off by heat, is called | Hydroscopic water |
| Which of the following is the primary factor that LEAST affects the shear strength of soil? | Particle Size |
| Which of the following is most influenced by the size and distribution of the soil particles? | Permeability |
| A partially saturated soil is classified as | Three phase soil |
| A triaxial shear test is preferred to direct shear test, because | It can be performed under all three drainage conditions with complete control |
| Physical properties of a permeant which influence permeability are | Both viscosity and unit weight |
| The property of a soil which allows it to be deformed rapidly without rupture, elastic rebound and also a volume change, is known | Plasticity |
| With the increase in the amount of compaction energy | Optimum water content decreases but maximum dry density increases |
| According to Atterberg, the soil is said to be of medium plasticity if the plasticity index PI is | 7 < PI < 17 |
| The ratio of inertia force and gravitational force is called as | Froude's Number |
| The tendency of a liquid surface to contract is due to the following property | Surface Tension |
| If drainage is permitted throughout the test, during the application of both normal, and shear stresses so that full consolidation occurs and no excess pore pressure is set up at any stage of the test, is known as | Drained test |
| the ratio of settlement at any time 't' to the final settlement, is known as | degree of consolidation |
| the ratio of volume of voids to the volume of the given soil mass, is | porosity |
| The ratio of inertia force to viscous force. | Reynolds Number |
| The ratio of inertia force to surface tension force. | Weber Number |
| ____ ratio of inertia force to elastic force (or simply the speed of an object relative to the speed of sound in the surrounding medium). | Mach Number |
| Is defined as the moisture content at which the soil begins to behaves as a plastic material. It is also defined as the moisture content at which the soil crumbles when rolled into a thread of 3.18 mm in diameter. | Plastic Limit |
| Caused by the elastic deformation of dry soil and of moist and saturated soils without any change in moisture content. | Immediate Settlement |
| In accordance with the Unified Soils Classification System, a soil grain having a size greater than No. 200 sieve opening (0.074 mm) but less than that of a No. 4 sieve (4.75 mm opening) is called. | Sand |
| The capacity of soil to adhere to other objects. It is estimated at moisture content that displays maximum adherence between thumb and forefinger. | stickiness |
| Degree a soil can be molded or reworked causing permanent deformation without rupturing | plasticity |
| The moisture content at which the maximum dry unit weight of soil is attained | optimum moisture content |
| It is a technique for in situ densification of thick layers of loose granular soil deposits. | vibroflotation |
| The sum of the vertical components of the forces developed at the points of contact of the soil particles per unit cross sectional area of the soil mass | Effective Stress |
| Caused by one elastic deformation of dry soil and of moist and saturated sots without any change in the moisture content | Immediate settlement |
| The result of volume changes in saturated cohesive sols because of the expulsion of water that occupies the void spaces | Primary consolidation settlement |
| The result of the plastic adjustment of soil fabrics | Secondary consolidation settlement |
| It is the oldest and simplest form of sheer test arrangement. The test equipment consists of a metal shear box in which the soil specimen is placed | Direct Shear Test |
| It is the ratio of effective horizontal stress to the vertical stress | Coefficient of Earth Pressure at rest |
| Optimum moisture content is obtained from | Standard proctor test |
| Which of the following cannot be obtained by using un-drained test? | Effective stress failure envelope |
| Which of the following statements is TRUE for the relation between discharge velocity and seepage velocity? | Seepage velocity can never be smaller than discharge velocity |
| For a saturated cohesive soil, a tri-axial test yields the angle of internal friction (f) as zero. The conducted test is | Unconsolidated Undrained (UU) test |
| If, for a fluid in motion, pressure at a point is same in all directions, then the fluid is | an ideal Fluid |
| In a Bernoulli equation, used in pipe flow, each term represents | Energy per unit weight |
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