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Effective Writing
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Graphic Organizer | a visual display of the relationships between facts and ideas |
| Writing Process | the steps a writer goes through to compose a finished, polished text |
| Modeling | an instructional strategy in which the teacher demonstrates a concept or skill and students learn by observing |
| Relatedness | A student's connection to others |
| Syntax | rules that govern the construction of words in order to make phrases, clauses, and sentences |
| Freewriting | writing continuously for a set amount of time without stopping to edit, judge, or correct |
| Self-Revision | a student revises their own work |
| Plot | the events included in a story (may or may not be sequential) |
| Peer Review | evaluation of work by others in the same field |
| Extrinsic Motivation | the motive for the activity comes from outside the individual |
| Details | information about the setting, characters, actions, plot, etc. that helps the reader understand the story better |
| Plot Diagram | a graphic representation of the plot of a story |
| Transition Words | phrases and words used to link sentences, paragraphs, and ideas together |
| Characterization | the details an author uses to build a character (appearance, personality, thoughts, actions) |
| Resolution | the final part of the story where conflicts are resolved, loose ends are tied up, and the outcome of the main events is revealed |
| Stylistic Choice | deliberate decision an author makes to enhance the narrative with a deeper message |
| Third-Person Omniscient | narrator is outside of the story, but understands the motivations and actions of all characters |
| Tone | the author's attitude or feelings toward the subject, characters, or audience, conveyed through their choice of words, style, and perspective; sets the emotional atmosphere of the text, influencing how readers interpret and feel about the story |
| Organizational Structure | text structure can include cause/effect, problem/solution, main idea/details, and/or sequence |
| Publishing | the final step in the writing process where the writer ensures the neatness and understanding of the final product |
| Autonomy | student's ability to self-govern or self-motivate |
| Storyboard | a sequence of images or descriptions that represent the plot of a narrative |
| Third-Person Limited | narrator is outside of the story and has limited access to the minds and motivations of characters |
| Writing Conference | an individual meeting with students to discuss their drafts to help them revise their work before submitting a final product, and to help the teacher assess student understanding and modify instruction as needed |
| Rubric | assessment tool that outlines specific criteria and performance levels for evaluating student work, providing clear guidelines and standards for both instructors and students to ensure consistent and objective grading |
| First Person | tells the story from the narrator's perspective |
| Revising | reviewing the draft and making necessary corrections for sentence usage, organization, coherence, and audience |
| Conflict (Narrative) | the challenge(s) the main character(s) need to overcome to achieve their goal |
| Subtext | underlying meaning and emotions not explicitly stated |
| Author's Purpose | Author's Purpose |
| Voice | the unique outlook and expressed personality of an author |
| Descriptive Writing | used to create detailed descriptions of people, places, and things. Descriptive writing also develops the mood and atmosphere of the text |
| Recursive | repeated application of a process, such as writing |
| Mentor Text | books or other pieces of literature that are revisited throughout the school year for different purposes in literacy instruction |
| Competence | A student's desire to perform |
| Drafting | the second step in the writing process where the writer brings together similar ideas and organizes them into paragraphs |
| Problem and Solution | an organizational approach where the author presents a problem and possible solution |
| Figurative Language | a word or phrase that does not have its normal everyday, literal meaning |
| Chronological Order | an organizational approach that follows an orderly progression of events based in time |
| Diction | the author's choice of words, which affects tone, style, and meaning in a text |
| Dialect | a specific variety of a language with distinct vocabulary, grammar, and pronunciation used by a particular region or social group |
| Cause and Effect | a writing method in which the author explains reasons why something happened or the effects of something that has happened |
| Dialogue | conversation between two or more characters |
| Parallelism | syntactical similarity in clauses; often involves repeating a phrase |
| Diction | clarity in pronunciation and enunciation of lyrics while singing |
| Thesis Statement | a sentence outlining the central or main claim of a writing |
| Narrative Text | fictional stories, plays, and poems; usually contain some element of plot or conflict |
| Rhetorical Devices | a technique a writer or speaker uses to persuade a reader or listener |
| Point of View | the style of narration used to tell a story |
| Prewriting | the first step in the writing process when the writer decides on a central idea/topic for writing and formulates a thesis or main idea statement |
| Writing Workshop | an all-class writing project including instruction, writing time, conferencing, and sharing where students are guided through the process step-by-step |
| Second Person | used mostly in instructional texts where the narrator is speaking to the reader |
| Writing Feedback | comments and assessments given to students to improve their writing |
| Editing | reviewing the draft for corrections in grammar, mechanics, and spelling |
| Concise (Writing) | in writing, a sentence that is brief but still contains all necessary information |
| Intrinsic Motivation | students draw their motivation from the learning process itself |
| Compare and Contrast | an organizational approach where the author provides similarities and differences about two ideas |
| Precise (Writing) | in writing, a sentence that contains specific details and avoids wordy descriptions |
| Word Choice | an author's deliberate selection of words to convey meaning, establish tone, create mood, and reveal character or theme |
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