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Biology notes 1-1
Mr. McDuffie: What is an atom?
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| H20 | two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom |
| what are the building blocks of everything in the universe? | atoms |
| atom | a basic unit of all matter |
| matter | something that takes up space and has mass |
| _______ is how much space a particular matter takes up | matter |
| ______ is dependent on gravity | weight |
| _______ are God's building block | atoms |
| what are the three main parts of an atom? | the nucleus: 1. Proton (+) 2. Nutron (0) electron cloud: 3. electron (-) |
| elements | substance made up of only one type of atom |
| almost all ______ are nuetral | atoms |
| protons and electrons are usually _______ in number | equal |
| how many elements are there? | 117 |
| how many protons and electrons does gold have? | 79 protons and 79 electrons |
| what is the mass number of gold? | 197 |
| what are most man made items created from? | a mixture of elements |
| atomic number | number of protons the atom contains (usually the number of electrons also) |
| atomic mass | combined number of protons and nutrons inside the nucleus |
| what are too small to affect mass? | electrons |
| how do electrons orbit the nucleus? | in energy levels |
| what are details about the 1st level of the orbit of electrons | it is closest to the nucleus and becomes stable with 2 electrons |
| stable | not wanting to react |
| how many electrons does something need to become stable | 2 |
| _______ doesn't react to anything because it is stable | helium |
| why is hydrogen so unstable | it either wants to gain another electron or get rid of the single electron it already has |
| how many electrons does the 2nd level of orbit around the nucleus have to be considered stable | 8 |
| Octet rule | when an element has 8 electrons in its outermost shell it becomes stable |
| what is the third level of orbit around the nucleus called? | the electron cloud |
| how many electrons does the third level of orbit need to be stable | 8 minimum, 18 maximum |
| within each energy level there are _______ | sublevels |
| an element becomes stable when its _______ ______ is full | electron shell |
| energy levels DO NOT orbit around the nucleus like ________ | planets |
| each electron stays the same distance from the ______ | nucleus |
| Hydrogen has one ______ and one _______ | proton and electron |
| the further away from the nucleus the more _______ the level has | energy |
| what is dependent on its orbital movement? | 2px, 2py, 2pz |
| what does each row on the periodic table represent? | how many energy levels/valence electrons there are |
| what is an ionic molecule always a combination of? | a nonmetal and a metal |
| what does covalent mean? | sharing |
| ________ ________ are in the outermost shell and the ones that interact | valence electrons |
| what indicate energy levels? | periods |
| everything to the left of the periodic table is a ______ | metal |
| everything to the right of the periodic table is a ________ | nonmetal |
| cation | positive ion |
| anion | negative ion and an addition of electron |
| whenever something gains an electron the element becomes _______ | negative |
| whenever something loses an electron the element becomes ________ | positive |
| what is the capacity of the suborbital s? | 2 |
| what is the capacity of the suborbital p? | 6 |
| what is the capacity of the suborbital d? | 10 |
| what is the capacity of the suborbital f? | 14 |
| what is a suborbital? | a specific space or zone around an atom's center where electrons live |
| electronegativity | the ability of an atom to gain or lose electrons |
| Why do nonmetals have a higher electronegativity? | their atoms have small sizes and nearly full outer shells |
| ________ have more electrons in the outermost shell | nonmetals |
| What happens when an atom loses an electron? | it ends up having more charge so it is positive |
| when the atom gains electrons the charge becomes _______ | negative |
| How many chemical bonds do ionic bonds have? | one |
| what are the two main bonds? | Ionic bonds and covalent bonds |
| ionic bonds connect ________ and ________ | metals and nonmetals |
| AgCl | silver-chlorine |
| MgI2 | Magnesium-Iodine |
| Al2O3 | aluminum-oxide |
| ionic bonds are all about ___________ | charged atoms |
| what has to happen for sodium and chlorine to attract? Then what happens? | sodium has to give one electron to chlorine. Sodium becomes stable and is positive. Chlorine gains the electron it wants and becomes negative. |
| What are the two rules for ionic bonding? | 1. an ionic bond must be between a metal and a nonmetal. 2. the charges on all ionic bonds must add up to 0 |
| what does how low something is on the P.H. scale determine? | whether it is an acid or not |
| P.H. | the potential of hydrogen |
| a base is the _______ of hydrogen | absence |
| _______ is what makes things acidic | hydrogen |
| H20 | water |
| NaCl | salt |
| (True or False) energy and mass can never be destroyed it can only be transferred | true |
Created by:
Emmalyn Cruse
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