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bacteria and archaea
prokaryotic cell structure
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| capsule | outermost layer on some bacterial cells |
| slime layers | unorganized capsules |
| capsule | unique bacterial structure that gives the cell certain abiities |
| fxns of a capsule | escape phagocytosis, produce toxins, or attachment |
| flagella | filamentous structure made of proteins that allows for motility (independent movement) |
| ribosomes | small inetrnal structures that synthesize bacterial proteins |
| axial filament | bundles of fibers attached in a spiral allowing the bacterium to move in a corkscrew motion, found in bacteria that causes lyme disease and syphilis |
| fimbrae | thin hairlike appendage that allows for even better attachment to a host, found on the causative agent for gonorrhea |
| no diseas occurs if ____________ are absent | fimbrae |
| pili | a form of bacterial reproduction used to exchange DNA between bacteria cells (conjugation) |
| gram positive | stains purple, peptidoglycan is thicker and contain teichoic acid, cell wall more resistant to physical damage |
| rapid and asexual bacterial reproduction | binary fission |
| some bacteria divide by | budding and fragmentation |
| 3 ways bacteria exchange information | 1. transformation 2.transduction 3.conjugation (via sex pili) |
| specialised resting cels that can be produced by gram positive bacteria | endospores |
| endospores | are technically inactive cells that can survive extreme heat, radiation, chemicals and dehydration |
| endospores causes diseases such as | anthrax toxixity, tetanus, botulism, gangrene |
| chemoheterotrophs | rely on organic molecules for energy, eg. animal and most fungi |
| photoheterotophs | synthesize organic molecule from sunlight eg. plants |
| chemoautotrophs | uses CO2 as a carbon source and obtain energy from amonia and hydrogen disulfide |
| mutualism | both organism benefit, eg, bacteria inside cow |
| commensalism | one organ benefits, the other is unaffected |
| parasitism | one organism benefits, the other is harmed, eg. pathogenic/disease causing bacteria |
| halophiles | live in salt saturated env't |
| methanogens | produce methane in oxygen free env't eg. great salt lake |
| thermophiles | live in very hot env't eg. deep sea vent. |
| rhizobium-nitrogen fixers | class alphaproteobacteria |
| nitrosomonas | class betaproteobacteria |
| enterobacteria | class gamaproteobacteria |
| myxospores | class gammaproteobacteria |
| campylobacteria | epsilonproteobacteria |
| rhizobium | nitrigen fixer |
| enterobacteria | lives in human intestines, eg. ecolli, shegella, salmonella |
| nitrosomanas | recycles nitrogen |
| campylobacter | still births |
| helicobacter | stomach ulcer |
| cyyanobacteria | photosynthetic |
| chlamydiae | chlamidial infection |
| spirochetes | lime disease and syphiis |
| actinobacteria | tuberculosis & leprosy |
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