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bio membranes
biological membranes
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| selective permeability | main fxn of cell membrane, control transport of materials into and oit of the cell |
| major fxns of biologicall membranes | 1)selective permeability 2) surfaces for chemical reactions 3) communicates with other cells 4) transmit signals 5) help in energy transfer and storage |
| the plasma membrane is composed of | phospholipid bilayer |
| lipids on the plasma membrane | hydrophobic tails |
| phosphate on plasma membrane | hydrphilic heads |
| the current accepted theory of plasma membrane protein structure is | fluid mosaic theory |
| fluid mosaic theory | proteins are embedded in the membrane and move above in a fluid manner |
| fluidity allows for transport | across the membrane |
| cholesterol | fluidity buffer |
| anchoring | some membrane proteins such as intergrins anchor the cell to the extracellular matrix, they also connect to microfilaments within the cell |
| signal transduction | some receptors bind with signal molecules such as hormones and transmit information into the cell |
| cell recognition | some receptor proteins fxn as identification tags, eg. bacterial cells has surface proteins on antigens that human cells recognize as foreign |
| intercellular junction | cell adhesion proteins attach membranes of adjacent cells |
| enzymatic activity | many membrane-bound enzymes catalyze reactions that takes place within or along the membrane surfae |
| active transport | some transport protein pumps solutes across the membrane which requires input of energy |
| passive transport | certain proteins form cahnnels for slective passage of ions or molecules |
| what does not pass thru the membrane | ions, glucose and amino acids |
| passive transport is also known as | diffusion |
| facilitated diffusion requires the aid of | transport proteins |
| diffusion | solutes move from a region of higher concentration to a lower concentration |
| diffusion that occurs without the aid of transport protein is called | passive diffusion |
| isotonic | solute concentration on both sides of plasma membrane are equal |
| isotonic | no net movement of water |
| hypertonic | net movement out of the cell ( crenation) |
| hypertonic | when solute concentration inside the cell is higher than outside |
| hypotonic | net movement of water into the cell(lysis/burst) |
| hypotonic | when solute inside cell is lower than outside |
| osmosis | movement of water from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concenration |
| osmosis | diffusion of water |
| active transport | molecules move froma region of higher concentration to a lower concentration, requires energy (ATP) |
| type of membrane protein | sodium-potasium pump |
| regardless of concentrration | K+ and NA+ always move into and out of the cell by active transport |
| uniport | proton pumps |
| symport | glucose/sodium pump |
| antiport | sodium/potassium pump |
| exocytosis | when the cell expels watse via vessicles |
| endocytosis | when the cell brings material into the cell |
| phagocytosis | cell eating (food and bacteria) |
| pinocytosis | cell drinking |
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