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T1 - Matter
T1 - Properties of Matter
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Mass | The amount of matter in an object. |
| (g) grams | Mass is measured in grams (g) |
| 1,000 g | 1,000 g =1 kg |
| To measure mass | We use a “balance” to measure mass. -double pan balance -triple beam balance -digital scale |
| Relative density | Relative density describes matter as more dense or less dense than water. |
| Less Dense | Floats For example, the ice cube is less dense than water. |
| More Dense | Sinks For example, a rock is more dense than water. |
| Magnetism | The attraction to a magnet. |
| Magnets | Magnets are unique metals that have a naturally occurring magnetic field. |
| Magnetic Metals SINC | SINC Steel Iron Nickel Cobalt |
| Magnetic Bar | Attracted to magnetic metals. Labeled blue and red. (Blue - South Pole) (Red - North Pole) |
| Solubility | The ability of a material to dissolve. |
| Soluble materials | Examples: salt, sugar, honey, lemon juice, lime juice, etc. |
| Solute | The soluble material. |
| Solvent | The liquid for the soluble/solute to dissolve in. Water is considered a universal solvent. |
| Electrical conductivity | The ability of a material to allow electrical energy to flow through. Metal is an electrical conductor. |
| Thermal conductivity | The ability of a material to allow thermal energy to flow through. Metal and glass are thermal conductors. |
| Thermal insulators | Examples are plastic and fabric. |
| States of Matter | Solids, Liquids and Gases |
| Solids | A type of matter that has a fixed shape and volume. |
| Solids examples | Powder, sand, rock, salt, wood |
| Liquids | A type of matter that has a fixed volume, but the shape depends on the container. |
| Liquids examples | Water, oil, milk, ketchup, syrup, lava |
| Gases | A type of matter with no fixed shape or volume. |
| Gases examples | Oxygen, helium, water vapor, carbon dioxide |
| Thermal energy increasing | Melting > evaporation |
| Thermal energy decreasing | Condensation > freezing |
| Properties of gas | -expand in their container -no measurable volume - invisible |
| Properties of liquid | -take the shape of the container -particles close together/ measurable volume -flow |
| Properties of solid | - keep their shape - particles close together/ measurable volume |
| Physical state of a solid | Fixed shape, fixed volume |
| Physical state of a liquid | Takes the shape of its container, fixed volume |
| Physical state of a gas | Takes the shape of its container, no fixed volume |
| Chemical property | A substance can change into a different substance through a chemical reaction. (Example: burning wood). |
| Physical change | Physical changes do not make a new substance. It can change the shape or appearance of an object. Such as crumpling a piece of paper, or cutting, bending, or dissolving something. |
| Chemical change | Chemical changes make new substances. Anytime a new substance is made, a chemical change takes place. Examples, burning wood or cake. |
| Mixture | Form when two or more substances combine. Can be separated. For example, fruit salad. |
| Solution | A mixture of two or more types of matter and can not be easily separated. Commonly a liquid, but can be a gas or solid. For example, soda or salt water. |
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