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Envrol Issues lec 2
Historical Background
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Identify the three factors according to Carolyn Merchant that led to our changing attitude regarding the nature (from fear and respect) | The 3 factors were Prostestant Reformation (god is Male, females are inferior) Development of Capitalism (earth is exploited) Scientific Revolotion (Nature ,females and earth were to be understood and dominated) |
| Ecofeminisim-The association of ____ ______,political, and ________ _________ with the human explotation and declione of nature | Ecofeminisim-The association of male social ,political, and economic dominance with the human explotation and declione of nature. |
| When european society thought of earth as a naturing mother. what area was this prior to? | Pre 1500's |
| If the earlier fear caused respect, what cause the fear to be removed? and what was the earth seen as? (post 15 00's) | Knowledge removed fear, earth was seen as something to be controlled |
| What perspective reflects Carolyn's analysis? | The ecofeminist perspective |
| The contradictory views of nature are Romantic and Fearfull, whos views are they? | The contradictory views of nature are Romantic and Fearfull are the views of Roderich Nash |
| Define Preservation | to leave as is |
| define Conservation | manage it sustainably |
| What was John Muir famous for? and who was he the founder of and what did he help establish? | John Muir was famous as an influential preservationist. He was the founder of the sierra club and he helped establish parks in the u.s. |
| Who was the advocate of environmetal conservation and who did he disagree with? | Gifford Pinchot was the advocate of environmetnal conservation, and he disagreed with Muir |
| Aldo Leopold wrote what? and what did he want? aslo what did he streeabout? | Aldo Leopold wrote Sand County Alamanac, he wanted land ethics and he also stressed the integration of knowledge. |
| Who linked envrionmental distruction with social decay? | FAIR OSBOURNE linked envrionmental distruction with social decay (1950's) |
| What was WIlliam Vogt concerened about? | Population strain and dependence on shrinking resources (1950's) |
| During the Post world war 2, what role did the U.N assume? | An environmetal Role |
| Ecology- an "emprical acience" based upon the principle that _________ can only be understood through the study of thier _____________ with thier environments | Ecology- an "emprical acience" based upon the principle that organisms can only be understood though the study of thier relationships with thier environments |
| The tendency to apply only human standards and priorties to the universe . this is defined as what? | Anthropomorphic |
| True or False? Attitudes, are shaped by the environment (socialization)? | True! attitudes are shaped by the environment |
| Lynn White Jr. argued that Judasim and Christianity taught what? | Lynn White Jr. argued that Judasim and Christianity taught that its mans destiny to dominate abd exploit nature |
| What two people argued that the notion of man's dominion over the earth comes from prophets (john)? | Thomas Berry and Lynn White argued the notion of man's dominion over the earth comes from prophets (john) |
| Thomas Berry states that religion has ignored what? and what did it focus on? | Thomas Berry states that religion has ignored res of nature, while focusing on the need of humans at the exicution of others. |
| Who contradicts Lynn whites analysis of religion? and what did he state? | David Ehrenfeld contradicts lynn Whites analysis of religion, he states that the bible and talmud are pro-environmental documents |
| Eugene Hargrove states that Environmentally hostile ideas are reflected in the _____? | Eugene Hargrove states that Environmentally hostile ideas are reflected in the bible |
| Acroding to Eugene Hargrove where did these environmentaly hostile ideas which were reflected in the bible originate from? | environmentaly hostile ideas originated from the Pre-christian and pre-old testament philosophy and the rediscovery of Aristotle in the middle ages. |
| John Locke had what view? and how did he see humans? | John Locke had an Optimistic View and he saw humans as Good and Altruistic |
| Who viewed people as selfish and greedy, what was this view called? | Thomas Hobes had the Pessimistic View and he saw people as greedy abd selfish |
| Survivalism is based on what vision on the environment? People will reach _______ ______ of stock | Survivalism is based on what vision on the environment? People will reach natures limits of stock |
| What did Prometheus steal? | Prometheus stole fire from gods |
| Prometheans had unlimited __________ in the ability of ______ and ____________ to overcome _____________ problems. | Prometheans had unlimited confidence in the ability of humans and technologies to overcome environmental problems. |
| Barry Commoner and Paul Ehrilich where what? and what did they call under? | Barry Commoner and Paul Ehrilich are thinkers and writers who fall under Survivalist Camp. |
| Give 2 example of modern day event that supports the Promethean claim | Converted material into COAL and OIL |
| Barry Commoner and Paul Ehrilich where what? and what did they call under? | Barry Commoner and Paul Ehrilich are thinkers and writers who fall under Survivalist Camp. |
| Give 2 example of modern day event that supports the Promethean claim | Converted material into COAL and OIL |
| Barry Commoner and Paul Ehrilich where what? and what did they call under? | Barry Commoner and Paul Ehrilich are thinkers and writers who fall under Survivalist Camp. |
| Give 2 example of modern day event that supports the Promethean claim | Converted material into COAL and OIL |
| What is Demography? | The study of human population |
| Who is Thomas Malthus and what does he argue? | He is the father of population growth studies. He argues that resource growth is limited |
| What types of population checks did Thomas Malthus come up with? | Positive checks ( famine,disease) Prevention checks ( Birth control) |
| Define People over population. | Environment worsens from to many people |
| What is Consumption overpopulation? | Each individual in a population consumes to large a share of resources |
| Population pattern are linked to the sociaty level of technological development. What theory is this? | Demographic Transition Theory |
| Explain the 3 stages of industrial development according to the Demographic ransition Theory. | Pre-industrial ( high birth rate, children are needed) Onset of industrialization ( brith rate still increates ( lots of youn and less old people) Full Industrialized economy(more older people and less younger people, childeren arnt an asset) |
| Neo-Malthusians state that population growth is a severe threat and are the cause of environmental degradation ? TRUE OR FALSE? | TRUE! the NEO-MAlthusians belive that population is a severe threat and cause of environmental degradation |
| Population growth isnt important. The Market forces stimulate efficent innovations. Whos argument is this? | This is the Economistic argument |
| How we impoact the environment through human needs defines what term? | Ecological Foot Print |
| Define Carrying Capacity | How much soemthing can hold ( in our case the earth) |
Created by:
cplester
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