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Conjunctions 1-13
Russian Conjunctions 1-13 (info) [Comma & Grammar rules] {Extra}
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| и | and (default) [No comma between two items, comma if three+ or before contrast] |
| а | and-but, while (contrast with no direct opposition) [Comma before а] |
| но | but (direct opposition) [Comma before но] |
| или | or (default) |
| или... или... | either... or...(exclusive) [Comma after subject Ex: Или борщ, или щи.] {Щи is cabbage soup} |
| либо | or (formal) |
| ни... ни... | neither... nor... (+ не on verb, if any) [Comma rule like Или..., или.] {Nouns in GENETIVE case when its between 2 subjects} |
| что | that (after verbs of saying, thinking, or knowing) [Comma before что] |
| потому что | because (after verb) [Comma before потому что] |
| чтобы | in order to/so that (Related to purpose or wish) [Comma before чтобы. MAJOR GRAMMER RULE: same subject in both clauses means infinitive verb in subordinate clause. Different subjects means past tense form in subordinate clause, even if not past] |
| если | if (Real or future condition) [Comma separates clauses. Rule 1: Future verb after Если if the first verb is a condition for a second verb. Rule 2: Present noun after Если if the current state determines a future verb.] |
| когда | when (conjunction) [Comma separates clauses] |
| хотя | although (Default) [Comma after clause] |