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Unit 1 AOS 2
Regions of the brain
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the central nervous system comprised of? | Made up of the brain and spinal cord |
| What is the peripheral nervous system? | Made up of all the nerves outside the brain and the spinal cord, including organs, limbs and sense receptors |
| What is the role of the CNS? | Acts as the body's control centre, processing and interpreting information |
| What is the role of the PNS? | Transmits sensory information to the CNS (afferent) and carries motor commands from the CNS to muscles and glands (ef |
| What are the three main regions of the brain? | the hindbrain, the midbrain and the forebrain. |
| What is the role of the hindbrain? | The hindbrain is responsible for basic survival functions, including: Regulation of sleep-wake cycle Regulation of autonomic functions such as breathing, heart rate, digestion Coordination of muscle movement |
| What are the three main structures in the hindbrain? | Pons Medulla Cerebellum |
| What is the role of the pons? | It relays sensory and motor signals between the cerebrum, cerebellum, and spinal cord, while also regulating essential, involuntary functions like breathing, sleep cycles, and facial movements |
| What is the role of the medulla? | It is primarily regulates unconscious, vital body functions essential for survival. It controls cardiovascular and respiratory systems, manages reflexive actions, and acts as a crossover point for nerve signals |
| What is the role of the cerebellum? | The cerebellum, Latin for "little brain," is primarily responsible for coordinating voluntary movements, maintaining posture, balance, and equilibrium, and facilitating motor learning. |
| What is the role of the midbrain? | Relaying messages between the hindbrain and the forebrain. Filtering and directing sensory information. Regulating arousal and alertness. |
| What is the forebrain responsible for? | Complex mental processes such as decision- making, problem solving, processing sensory information and initiating voluntary movement. Attention and filtering sensory information. Maintaining the body’s stable biological state, known as homeostasis. |
| What are the three main structures in the forebrain? | Cerebrum Thalamus Hypothalamus |
| What is the role of the cerebrum? | Responsible for conscious thoughts, voluntary muscle movements, reasoning, memory, and sensory perception. |
| What is the role of the thalamus? | It filters, processes, and routes sensory and motor signals—except for smell—to the cerebral cortex for interpretation. It also regulates sleep, wakefulness, and consciousness |
| What is the role of the hypothalamus? | The hypothalamus is the brain's master control center. Its primary function is maintaining homeostasis—keeping your body's internal systems stable. It acts as the vital link between your nervous system and your hormone-producing endocrine system |
| What is the Somatic Nervous System? | (SNS): Manages voluntary movements by controlling skeletal muscles and relays conscious sensations (touch, pain, temperature). |
| What is the Autonomic Nervous System? | (ANS): Controls involuntary, automatic functions of internal organs, smooth muscle, and glands. It has three main branches: |
| What is the role of the sympathetic nervous system? | Prepares the body for stress-related activities, commonly known as the "fight-or-flight" response (e.g., increasing heart rate). |
| What is the role of the parasympathetic nervous system? | Calms the body down and conserves energy, often called the "rest-and-digest" response. |
| What is the role of the enteric nervous system? | (ENS): A complex, largely independent network that manages gastrointestinal system functions. |
| What are sensory neurons also known as? | Afferent neurons |
| What is the function of sensory neurons? | Carry information from the body's environment (internal and external) to the CNS. |
| What are motor neurons also known as? | Efferent neurons |
| What is the function of motor neurons? | Carry commands from the CNS to muscles and glands. |
| What are interneurons? | Process information within the CNS, enabling communication between sensory and motor neurons. |
| What is the cerebral cortex and what is its function? | The cerebral cortex, the outer layer of the brain, is responsible for: higher-order thinking processes (i.e. problem-solving and planning), memory, language, regulation of emotions. |
| What are the four lobes of the cerebral cortex? (Cortical lobes) | Frontal, Parietal, Occipital and Temporal |
| What is the frontal lobe responsible for? | Comprised of both motor and association area- PREFRONTAL CORTEX- : planning, judgement problem-solving, aspects of personality, regulation of emotions production of fluent and articulate speech (Broca’s area – left hemisphere only) |
| What is the primary motor cortex resppnsible for? | It is responsible for the contralateral movement of the skeletal muscles of the body. |
| What is the parietal lobe responsible for? | Composed of sensory and association areas responsible for spatial reasoning, sensing the position of our body in space, perception of 3D objects. |
| What is the somatosensory cortex responsible for? | It receives and processes sensations such as touch, pressure, temperature and pain from the body. |
| What is the occipital lobe responsible for? | Comprised of both sensory and association areas- the Primary Visual Cortex |
| What is the role of the Primary visual cortex? | Entirely concerned with visual perception- recieving and processing visual information. |
| What is the function of the temporal lobe? | important role in memory, in particular: object and facial recognition. appropriate emotional responses, memories of facts and personal experiences. The left temporal lobe contains Wernicke’s area, responsible for language comprehension. |
| What is the role of the primary auditory cortex? | receives and processes auditory information. Different parts of the primary auditory cortex of the temporal lobe process different features of sound. |
Created by:
NikkiFuller
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