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Science 7 Final
Use these flashcards to help review for the final in Science 7!
| Definition | Term |
|---|---|
| The concentration of atoms/molecules in an object; how tightly packed the atoms are arranged (IAOA = the internal arrangement of atoms) | Density |
| The simplest pure substance of matter. They cannot be broken down into any other substance and still considered matter. Found on the Periodic Table (P.T.) | Elements |
| Are made of Two or more DIFFERENT ELEMENTS They are combined chemically, in specific ratios, and do NOT separate. Example: Table salt, NaCl, Water Molecule, H2O | Compounds |
| Are made up of Two or more atoms that must be chemically combine Example: Ozone, O3 | Molecule |
| smallest particle of an element (use P.T.) They are so small, that until recently no one has ever seen one. Electron microscopes have allowed scientist to seed individual ones and the parts that make them up (subatomic particles). | Atoms |
| Atoms or a group of atoms that have an electrical charge (+/-) If an atom loses an electron (-), the atom becomes a Positive (+) ion. (Has more protons than electrons) If an atom gains an electron (-), the atom becomes negative (-) ion. | Ion |
| Attract of oppositely charged ions | Ionic bond |
| The chemical bond formed when two atoms share electrons. Chemical formulas show the ratio of atoms. | Covalent bond |
| What does it mean if an equation is balanced? | Their are the same number of atoms of each element on the product side and the reactant side. |
| How are coefficients used to balance an equation? | You cannot change the subscript for an atom, but you can place a coefficient in front of the compound/molecule/atom, so their will be the same number of atoms on the reactant and product side. |
| a change that produces one or more new substances | Chemical change/ reaction |
| a change that alters the appearance of a substance | physical change |
| Two or more substances (molecules, elements and/or compounds) that are in the same place but are NOT chemically combined, and can be separated. Example: Saltwater = NaCl + H2O | mixtures |
| What factors affect the rate at which solutes dissolve in the solvent? | Temperature; Stirring (At all; rate; direction; way; what you are stirring with; force) |
| How many grams of potassium chlorate are needed to form a saturated solution at 90 degrees C in 100g of water? | 50 grams |
| when MORE SOLUTE can be dissolved in a solvent | unsaturated solution |
| when NO MORE SOLUTE can be dissolved in a solvent (This is the perfect amount of solute for this solvent at this temperature) | saturated solution |
| a solution containing MORE SOLUTE THEN IS POSSIBLE to dissolve (usually caused by super heating the solvent) | supersaturated solution |
| a mixture that is the same throughout (Ex: soy sauce) | homogeneous mixture |
| a mixture that is different throughout (Ex: bowl of salad) | heterogeneous mixture |
| homogeneous mixture of a solvent and solute. The solvent is present in larger amounts and dissolves the solute. | Solution |
| the larger part of the solution that is usually present in larger amounts. It dissolves the other substances by the solution | Solvent |
| the substance that is dissolved by the solvent | Solute |
| How can a student increase the solubility of a solute? | Increasing the temperature of the solvent in most cases. |
| a type of mixture with particles that can be seen easily and will settle out over time or can be filtered (They will show the Tyndall Effect) Do not have the same properties throughout (heterogeneous) Examples: snow globes, pepper in water) | Suspension |
| The particles are two small to be seen but can be scattered by a light beam | Tyndall Effect |
| the average amount of kinetic energy of the particles in a substance | temperature |
| How does a thermometer work? | As particles hit the thermometer they collide and cause the thermometer's particles to move faster too. The fluid in the thermometer will expand and if the particles are moving faster and a higher temperature will be recorded (showing it is warmer). |
| the transfer of heat energy by particles touching each other; Example: a metal spoon gets hot when left in soup/ | conduction |
| heat is transferred by moments of currents within a fluid. Particles rise and fall because of density differences; Examples: Air Currents (hot rises, cold sinks) | convection |
| is the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves; Examples: Sunlight reaches to earth (Does not need particles to transfer heat) | radiation |
| How are particles arranged in a solid, liquid and gas? | Solid; definite shape and volume. Liquid; definite volume and changing shape. Gas; no definite shape or volume |
| definite shape and volume | solid |
| definite volume and changing shape | liquid |
| no definite shape or volume | gas |
| the change of a solid to a liquid by absorbing heat | melting |
| the change of a liquid to a solid by releasing heat | freezing |
| the change of a liquid to a gas by absorbing heat (only occurs on the surface) | evaporation |
| the change of a liquid to a gas by absorbing heat (occurs throughout) | boiling |
| the change of a gas to a liquid by releasing heat | condensation |
| the molecules release energy to the environment to make the change occur (G => L => S) | exothermic |
| the molecules absorb energy from the environment to make the phase change occur (S => L => G) | endothermic |
| a structure that is composed of genes | chromosome |
| made up of chromosomes | DNA |
| A factor that controls a trait (made of DNA!) | Gene |
| One section of a gene that represents a different form of a trait | Allele |
| A characteristic that is determined by your genes | Trait |
| a chart that shows all possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic crossing (sexual reproduction) | Punnett Square |
| Represents a characteristic that when presents always shows up (overpowers) | Dominant |
| represents a characteristic that hides when the dominant allele is present. You need TWO recessive alleles to show the recessive trait. | Recessive |
| sexual reproduction | |
| Any change in the DNA, gene or chromosome | mutation |
| A chart or "family tree" that tracks which members of a family that have a specific trait. | Pedigree Chart |
| Sex-linked traits | |
| Adaptation | |
| Extinct | |
| the transfer of a gene from the DNA of one organism to another | genetic engineering |
| the process of selecting organisms with desired traits to be the parents of the next generation. Example: Farmer choosing the seeds for corn with many large kernels to plant in order to get a harvest of corn with large kernels the repeat. | selective breeding |
| the formation of sex cells (sperm cells - male and egg cells -female) by which the number of chromosomes is reduced by HALF. These new cells are not genetically identical to the original parent. 4 Sex Cells (egg/sperm); Different (half the DNA) | meiosis |
| for growth and repair of body cells. After the cells division there are TWO daughter cells formed. Compared to the daughter cells are genetically identical. 2 body cells; Identical; human - 46; new cells identical to the original; growth and repair | mitosis |
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