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Cell Biology
S1 Unit 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| What is the dependent variable? | What you measure |
| What is the independent variable? | What you change |
| Is X or Y the horizontal axis | X |
| Is X or Y the vertical axis | Y |
| Which axis is the dependent variable on a graph | Vertical Y |
| Which axis is the independent variable on a graph | Horizontal X |
| What is a unicellular organism | An organism with a single cell |
| What are organisms with only one cell called | Unicellular organisms |
| Give an example of a unicellular organism | Bacteria |
| What is the difference between Prokaryotic cells and Eukaryotic cells | Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus |
| Name an example of a Prokaryotic cell | Bacteria |
| Name two animal cells | (Any of) stem cells, egg cells, sperm cells, white blood cells, red blood cells, nerve cells, muscle cells. |
| What do cells form? | Tissues |
| What does tissues form? | Organs |
| What does organs form? | Organ system |
| What does organ systems make? | Organism |
| (Plant cells or animal cells or both?) Cell Membrane | Both |
| (Plant cells or animal cells or both?) Cytoplasm | Both |
| (Plant cells or animal cells or both?) Nucleus | Both |
| (Plant cells or animal cells or both?) Cell wall | Plant only |
| (Plant cells or animal cells or both?) Chloroplast | Plant only |
| (Plant cells or animal cells or both?) Vacuole | Plant only |
| (Plant cells or animal cells or both?) Mitochondria | Both |
| What is an organelle? | Structures of a cell |
| (What is the function of these organelles?) Cell Membrane | Control movement of substances into and out of the cell |
| (What is the function of these organelles?) Cytoplasm | Most chemical processes take place here |
| (What are the functions of these organelles?) Nucleus | It contains genetic material, and it controls the activities of a cell |
| What part of the cell contains genetic material? | The nucleus |
| (What is the function of these organelles?) Cell Wall | Gives the cell rigid structure |
| (What is the function of these organelles?) Chloroplast | Allow the cell to photosynthesise |
| What is photosynthesis | Converting light energy into food |
| What is the equation for photosynthesis | Carbon Dioxide + Water + Light Energy -> Glucose + Oxygen 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + Light Energy → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ |
| (What is the function of these organelles?) Vacuole | Stores water to support the cell |
| (What is the function of these organelles?) Mitochondria | Produces Energy and help with cell respiration |
| What does DNA Stand for | DeoxyriboseNucleic Acid |
| What suggests that all living things are related | DNA |
| What are Chromosomes | Strands of DNA |
| How many chromosomes in one human cell? | 46 |
| What are the genetic codes of DNA for? | making protein |
| Give 3 types of proteins DNA codes for (and an example of each) | Enzymes (AMYlase) Hormones (Insulin) Defensive proteins (Antibodies) |
| Name the four bases of the structure of DNA | Adenine and Thymine Cytosine and Guanine |
| What does the four bases of DNA make up | Genetic Code |
| How do you work out the magnification of a microscope | power of eyepiece x power of objective lens |
| How do you measure the diameter of field of view under a microscope | using a transparent ruler |
| What makes up 99.9 percent of all blood cells | Red Blood Cells |
| What are two types of blood cells | Red Blood Cells and White blood cells |
| What do Red Blood cells do? | They collect oxygen from the lungs and deliver it around the body, and bring carbon dioxide back to the lungs to be breathed out |
| What are Haemoglobin | the iron rich protein that binds oxygen. |
| where can Haemoglobin be found | Red Blood Cells |
| What is the shape of a red blood cell | Concave |
| What do White blood cells do | They defend our body against germs and foreign bodies |
| What are two main types (groups) | Phagocytes and lymphocytes |
| What does Lymphocytes do | They make antibodies |
| What are Lymphocytes | A type of White blood cell |
| What are pathogens | Microorganisms such as bacteria and viruses, which CAUSE diseases |
| What is the first line of defence of our body and wat does it try to protect us from | The Innate System is the first line of defence, and it tries to protect us from everything. It has physical barriers like the skin and has general responses. |
| What is the second line of defence of our body and how does it work | It is called Adaptive. Lymphocytes work it this system. The Lymphocytes first recogonises the foreign antigens of the pathogens of the and produce antibodies to destroy the pathogen. |
| What are antigens | Chemicals in Pathogens that are foreign to the body. |
| What are Antibodies | Proteins made by the Lymphocytes that neutralises the pathogen. |
| What is a parasite | An organism that lives off another organism offering nothing in return (for example a tick feeding of a dog). It is a type of pathogen |
| Name 2 helpful microorganisms | Yeast makes bread rise. Bacteria break plants down to nutrients |
| Where is the DNA in a bacteria cell | floating in the cytoplas |
| What are additional circular pieces of DNA called | plasmids |
| What are the Flagellum of bacteria cells for | Helps the cell move |
Created by:
Sumleung
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