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Infection Control

NURS 200

QuestionAnswer
What are pathogens? microorganisms/microbes that cause infection.
What are the types of pathogens? bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, parasites.
What is virulence? the ability of a pathogen to infect a host/spread disease.
What are the stages of infection? incubation, prodromal stage, illness stage, convalescence
What happens during the incubation stage? interval of time between pathogen entering the body and first symptom appearance; no symptoms present yet
What happens during the prodromal stage? interval of time between onset of initial symptoms to more distinct indications; pathogen multiplying
What happens during the illness stage? findings specific to the illness/infection are obvious.
What happens during the convalescence stage? interval when acute findings disappear; total recovery takes days to months.
What is included in the chain of infeciton? pathogen, susceptible host, portal of entry, mode of transmission, portal of exit, reservoir.
What is a susceptible host? host that becomes a reservoir for infectious agent.
What are the modes of transmission? contact, droplet, airborne.
Airborne precautions private and negative pressure airflow room with a closed door; pt. should wear a surgical mask when outside of the room. hand hygiene, gown, gloves, N95 mask/HEPA respirator
Airborne illnesses measles, varicella, tuberculosis (droplet infections smaller than 5mcg)
Droplet precautions private room/shared room of the same isolation type (door can be open/closed); pt. should wear a surgical mask when outside of the room. hand hygiene, gown, gloves, surgical mask/face shield.
Droplet illnesses strept throat, pertussis, influenza, mumps, rubella, scarlet fever, pneumonic plague, pneumonia.
Contact precautions private room/shared room of the same isolation type (door can be open/closed); pt. should wear a surgical mask when outside of the room. hand hygiene, gown, gloves
Contact illnesses MRSA, VRE, C. diff, RSV, herpes, impetigo, scabies, lice, VRSA.
Protective environment precautions private and positive pressure airflow room; no live food or plants permitted in room; pt. should wear a surgical mask when outside of the room. hand hygiene, mask
Protective environment illnesses immunocompromised (ie. allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant, cancer).
Created by: ssydneynw
 

 



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