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Taxon/Ecosystem/Wate
*7.11AB, 7.12AB, 7.14AB Classification/Ecosystems/Water
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Watershed | area of land that supplies water to a common river system |
| impermeable | does not allow water to pass through easily |
| water table | upper level of the saturated zone of underground water |
| aquifer | any layer of rock or sediment that can hold water, below the saturated zone |
| well | a hole sunk into the ground to reach a supply of water |
| desalination | process to remove salt from ocean water to make fresh water |
| groundwater | in a watershed, water that seeps through the ground and is stored below the Earth's surface |
| hydrosphere | system that contains all the liquid and frozen water on Earth's surface, as well as the groundwater below the surface and water vapor in the atmosphere |
| surface water | natural water that is at or near the surface in a watershed.; drainage water |
| runoff | water that flows over the ground when it rains or when snow melts; does not soak into the soil but instead moves across the surface; can carry dirt, chemicals, and trash |
| artificial reef | man-made structure placed in the ocean or other bodies of water to help create a habitat for marine life |
| fertilizer | chemical or natural substance added to soil or land to increase its fertility; can be a source of water pollution |
| ocean system | all the parts of the ocean that work together to support life and the environment; includes the water, currents, marine life, and the ocean floor |
| percolate/leach | to slowly move or filter through a substance; when rainwater soaks into the ground, it percolates or leaches through the soil and eventually reaches underground water sources |
| pollution | when harmful substances, like chemicals, trash, or smoke, are added to the air, water, or land |
| coral bleaching | happens when coral reefs lose their color and turn white; happens when the water gets too warm or when there’s too much pollution |
| subsidence | sunken land surface due to underlying compression of earth material as a result of excessive removal of groundwater |
| permeable | penetrable; porous; allowing liquids or gas to pass through |
| recreation | something done for fun, a hobby or game |
| Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) | areas designated and effectively managed to protect marine ecosystems, processes, habitats, and species; can contribute to the restoration and replenishment of resources for social, economic, and cultural enrichment |
| infiltration | process by which water on the ground surface enters the soil |
| porosity | percentage of open spaces between grains in a rock |
| dependence | state of relying on or being controlled by someone or something else |
| habitat destruction | loss of natural environments due to human activity |
| eutrophication | excessive richness of nutrients in surface water, usually due to runoff, causing very dense plant growth and subsequent animal deaths from lack of oxygen |
| Producers | organisms that use sunlight to make their own food through the process of photosynthesis |
| Consumers | organisms that cannot make their own food and obtain energy by feeding on other organisms |
| Decomposers | organisms that get energy by breaking down organic wastes or dead organisms, returning raw materials to the soil and water |
| Trophic Level | feeding level in an ecosystem |
| Energy Pyramid | diagram that shows the amount of energy that moves from one trophic level to another in a food web |
| Nutrients | substances that an organism needs to carry out its life processes |
| Biosphere | system on Earth containing all living things, & living/ nonliving factors needed for life on Earth; contains all ecosystems |
| Ecosystem | biotic and abiotic factors provided to support specific populations in a community |
| Biotic Factor | living or once living part of an ecosystem |
| Abiotic Factor | non-living part of an Ecosystem. Examples include water, space, and many others |
| 10% Rule | as energy flows from one trophic level to the next in ecosystems, only about 10% of the energy is transferred, with the rest lost as heat or used for life processes |
| Biomass | total quantity or weight of organisms in a given area or volume |
| Sustainability | ability of an ecosystem to maintain itself, ensuring its continued existence, balance, and productivity over time |
| Primary Consumer | organisms that get their energy by feeding on producers in the food chain |
| Secondary Consumer | organism that gets their energy by feeding on primary consumers (herbivores) in the food chain |
| Tertiary Consumer | organisms that get their energy by eating secondary consumers |
| Herbivore | animal that only eats plants or plant products |
| Carnivore | animal that eats other animals |
| Omnivore | animal that eats both animals and plants; some will hunt and eat their food; others are scavengers and will eat dead matter |
| Heterotroph | organism that must consume other organisms to obtain energy for growth and survival |
| Autotroph | organism capable of synthesizing its own organic nutrients from inorganic substances |
| Energy Flow | movement of chemical energy through the trophic levels of an ecosystem, starting with sunlight and decreasing as it moves to higher levels |
| Food Chain | linear sequence of organisms through which nutrients and energy pass as one organism eats another |
| Food Web | complex network of interconnected feeding relationships showing how energy and nutrients circulate through an ecosystem |
| Carbon | chemical element serving as the fundamental building block for all known life |
| Carbon Cycle | process by which atoms of carbon are exchanged among the biosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere of the Earth |
| Matter | anything that possesses mass and occupies physical space |
| Nitrogen Fixation (Cycle) | process of converting atmospheric nitrogen gas into ammonia or other nitrogenous compounds that can be utilized by living organisms |
| Phosphorus Cycle | process by which phosphorus moves through the lithosphere, hydrosphere, and biosphere |
| Nutrient Recycling | process by which dead matter is broken down by decomposers and converted back into usable forms, allowing essential elements to be reused by living organisms |
| taxonomy | branch of biology in which organisms are named and organized based on shared traits; from broadest to most specific: domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species |
| binomial nomenclature | a system in which each type of organism is given a scientific name with two terms |
| genus | a group of similar, closely related organisms |
| classification | the categorizing of organisms based on similarities and differences |
| domain | the most general level of organism classification |
| prokaryote | organism whose cells lack a nucleus and whose genetic material floats freely in the cells |
| decompose | to break down wastes and remains, returning nutrients to the ecosystem |
| protist | an organism that doesn't belong to any other kingdom |
| eukaryote | organism that has a nucleus in each cell that contains its genetic material |
| fungi | a kingdom of eukaryotic, single- or multicellular organisms that have cell walls made of chitin and are heterotrophic decomposers |
| eubacteria (bacteria) | a kingdom of prokaryotic, single-celled organisms that live in every environment on Earth |
| organic matter | material that is, was, or was produced by a living organism |
| organism | an individual form of life, such as a plant, animal, bacterium, protist, or fungus; a body made up of organs, organelles, or other parts that work together to carry on the various processes of life |
| unicellular organisms | living organisms with only one cell |
| multicellular organisms | living organisms with many cells |
| plantae | a kingdom of organisms that are multicellular autotrophs |
| animalia | a kingdom of organisms that are multicellular heterotrophs and are consumers in their ecosystems |
| kingdom | the second most general level of organism classification |
| hierarchy | A system in which members or elements are ranked according to levels of importance or authority. |
| phylum | A major taxonomic category that ranks above class and below kingdom, used to group organisms based on shared characteristics. |
| class | A taxonomic rank below phylum and above order, used to categorize organisms that share a set of common traits. |
| species | A group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring. |
| order | A taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of organisms, grouping together families that share common characteristics. |
| broad | Covering a large number and wide scope of subjects or areas. |
| family | A taxonomic rank in the biological classification system that groups together related genera sharing common characteristics. |
| archaebacteria (archaea) | A group of microorganisms that are similar to bacteria but genetically distinct, often found in extreme environments. |
| specific | Referring to a particular or distinct entity, often used to describe characteristics that differentiate one item from another. |
Created by:
trauberk
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