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Science Final
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Rotation | Spinning on an axis (24 hours; causes day/night) |
| Revolution | Orbiting around another object (365 days; causes seasons) |
| Axis | Imaginary line through Earth's poles |
| Orbit | Path an object follows around another object |
| Equator | Line dividing Earth into northern and southern hemispheres |
| Seasons | Caused by Earth’s tilt and revolution |
| Summer | Earth tilted toward Sun → warmer, more daylight |
| Winter | Earth tilted away from Sun → colder, less daylight |
| Equinox | Equal day and night (12 hrs each) |
| Solstice | Longest or shortest day of the year |
| Tides | Rise and fall of ocean water due to gravity |
| High Tide | Water at highest level |
| Low Tide | Water at lowest level |
| Spring Tide | Largest tidal difference (new/full moon) |
| Neap Tide | Smallest tidal difference (quarter moons) |
| Lunar Cycle | Moon phases over ~29.5 days |
| Waxing | Increasing light (right side) |
| Waning | Decreasing light (left side) |
| New Moon | No visible light |
| Full Moon | Fully illuminated |
| Galaxy | System of stars, gas, dust held by gravity |
| Spiral Galaxy | Disk with arms (Milky Way) |
| Elliptical Galaxy | Round/oval shaped |
| Irregular Galaxy | No defined shape |
| Universe | All space and everything in it |
| Light Year | Distance light travels in one year |
| HR Diagram | Graph of star brightness vs temperature |
| Nebula | Cloud of gas/dust where stars form |
| Protostar | Early stage of star formation |
| Main Sequence | Stage where most stars exist |
| Red Giant | Late stage of smaller star |
| Supernova | Explosion of massive star |
| Neutron Star | Dense star remnant |
| Black Hole | Gravity so strong nothing escapes |
| Electromagnetic Spectrum | All wavelengths of light |
| Red Shift | Object moving away |
| Blue Shift | Object moving toward |
| Big Bang Theory | Universe began from explosion ~14 billion years ago |
| Gravity | Force pulling objects together |
| Mass | Amount of matter |
| Weight | Force of gravity on object |
| Solar System | Sun and everything orbiting it |
| Plate Tectonics | Movement of Earth's plates |
| Pangaea | Original supercontinent |
| Convergent Boundary | Plates collide |
| Divergent Boundary | Plates move apart |
| Transform Boundary | Plates slide past |
| Subduction | One plate sinks under another |
| Topographic Map | Map showing elevation |
| Contour Line | Line of equal elevation |
| Hurricane | Storm with winds 74+ mph |
| Weather | Conditions at a time/place |
| Climate | Long-term weather patterns |
| Watershed | Land where water drains to same place |
| Runoff | Water flowing over land |
| Aquifer | Underground water storage |
| Water Table | Top of groundwater level |
| Force | Push or pull |
| Balanced Forces | Equal forces, no motion change |
| Unbalanced Forces | Unequal forces, causes motion change |
| Net Force | Overall force acting on object |
| Friction | Force resisting motion |
| Air Resistance | Friction from air |
| Gravity | Force pulling objects together |
| Motion | Change in position |
| Newton’s 1st Law | Inertia (object stays unless acted on) |
| Newton’s 2nd Law | F = ma |
| Newton’s 3rd Law | Equal and opposite reaction |
| Inertia | Resistance to change in motion |
| Speed | Distance ÷ time |
| Average Speed | Total distance ÷ total time |
| Velocity | Speed with direction |
| Acceleration | Change in velocity |
| Distance | Total path traveled |
| Displacement | Change from starting position |
| Work | Force × distance |
| Potential Energy | Stored energy |
| Kinetic Energy | Energy of motion |
| Mechanical Energy | Energy of motion/position |
| Thermal Energy | Heat energy |
| Electrical Energy | Energy of moving charges |
| Sound Energy | Vibrations through matter |
| Radiant Energy | Light energy |
| Chemical Energy | Energy in bonds |
| Nuclear Energy | Energy in nucleus |
| Energy Transformation | Energy changing forms |
| Law of Conservation of Energy | Energy cannot be created/destroyed |
| Atom | Basic unit of matter |
| Nucleus | Center of atom |
| Electron Cloud | Area where electrons move |
| Proton | Positive particle |
| Neutron | Neutral particle |
| Electron | Negative particle |
| Valence Electrons | Outer electrons for bonding |
| Atomic Number | # of protons |
| Atomic Mass | Protons + neutrons |
| Chemical Symbol | Letters representing element |
| Periodic Table | Organizes elements |
| Group | Vertical column |
| Period | Horizontal row |
| Reactivity | How easily something reacts |
| Metals | Shiny, conductive, malleable |
| Nonmetals | Dull, brittle, poor conductors |
| Metalloids | Mix of metal/nonmetal properties |
| Element | Pure substance of one atom type |
| Compound | 2+ elements chemically combined |
| Mixture | Substances physically combined |
| Molecule | Atoms bonded together |
| Subscript | Number showing atoms |
| Coefficient | Number showing molecules |
| Reactants | Left side of equation |
| Products | Right side of equation |
| Balanced Equation | Same atoms both sides |
| Unbalanced Equation | Unequal atoms |
| Law of Conservation of Mass | Matter not created/destroyed |
| Chemical Change | New substance formed |
| Physical Change | Form changes only |
| Chemical Property | Observed during chemical change |
| Physical Property | Observed without change |
| Density | Mass ÷ volume |
| Volume | Space taken up |
| Mass | Amount of matter |
| Food Chain | Energy transfer by eating |
| Food Web | Multiple food chains |
| Energy Pyramid | Energy decreases up levels |
Created by:
Oliver.lee
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