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Unit 8 Evolution Kir
Unit 8 Evolution
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| evolution | Change in a kind of organism over time; process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms. |
| Charles Darwin | English natural scientist who formulated a theory of evolution by natural selection (1809 |
| artificial selection | selective breeding of plants and animals to promote the occurrence of desirable traits in offspring |
| Natural Selection | A natural process resulting in the evolution of organisms best adapted to the environment. |
| common ancestry (common ancestor) | when organisms are descended from a single ancestor |
| Adaptation | A trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce |
| Species fitness | A species evolutionary fitness is defined by its ability to pass its genes on to the next generation and generations thereafter |
| homologous structures | similar structures that related species have inherited from a common ancestor |
| analagous structures | Similar function but different structure |
| vestigial structures | A structure that is present in an organism but no longer serves its original purpose |
| gene pool | Combined genetic information of all the members of a particular population |
| genetic drift | A change in the allele frequency of a population as a result of chance events rather than natural selection. |
| bottleneck effect | Genetic drift resulting from the reduction of a population, typically by a natural disaster, such that the surviving population is no longer genetically representative of the original population. |
| founder effect | change in allele frequencies as a result of the migration of a small subgroup of a population |
| sexual selection | when individuals select mates based on heritable traits |
| gene flow | movement of alleles from one population to another |
| Speciation | the formation of new and distinct species in the course of evolution. |
| Gradualism | The theory that evolution occurs slowly but steadily |
| punctuated equilibrium | Pattern of evolution in which long stable periods are interrupted by brief periods of more rapid change |
| Hominoids | apes and humans |
| bipedal | the ability to walk upright on two legs |
| opposable thumb | thumb that enables grasping objects and using tools |
| Miller-Urey Experiment | demonstrated that organic molecules, specifically amino acids (the building blocks of proteins), could form spontaneously |
| Endosymbiotic theory | a theory that states that certain kinds of prokaryotes began living inside of larger cells and evolved into the organelles of modern |
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KellyKirvin
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