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Science 7 Unit 10

Advances in Genetics

TermDefinition
When breeding only those organisms with desirable characteristics to produce offspring with the desired traits. Artificial Selection
The process of selecting organisms with desired traits to be the parents of the next generation. Example: Farmers choosing the seeds for corn with many large kernels to plant in order to get a harvest with large kernels then repeat. Selective Breeding
The crossing of two individuals with similar characteristics so the offspring will have the desired traits. Example: Farmers breeding two very plum turkeys in order to get several plum turkey offspring then repeat. Inbreeding
Cross two very plump turkeys Hatch many plump turkey babies
The crossing of two different individuals to get the best traits from both parents Example: Farmers taking a variety of apple that is large and crossing it with a variety that is tart to get offspring that are both large and tart. Hybridization
Large times Tart Tart McIntosh apple crossed with a large Red Delicious apple Large and Tart A new type of apple that is both tart and large is created. (The Empire Apple)
Making an exact genetic copy of the parent Cloning
When a stem or leaf is cut from an adult plant then planted into it's own container. It will produce roots and grow. Examples of cloning in plants
Dolly the sheep Examples of cloning in animals
When genes from one organism are transferred into the DNA of another organism so that the new offspring will have the desired traits. Genetic Engineering
A project aimed at identifying the DNA sequence of the human species to allow for early detection and better diagnosis of certain diseases. Human Genome Project
A technique used to identify remains of a living thing, criminals in court cases, or find blood relatives by producing a unique pattern from DNA fragments. DNA Fingerprinting
"Glowing Genes" Lab - Altering E. coli bacteria with GFP gene Example of genetic engineering using bacteria
Human genes are inserted into cows to produce milk with a human protein making it easier to digest; Used for babies Example of genetic engineering in animals
What did the Human Genome Project allow humans to do? Compare people's DNA sequence to allow for early detection and better diagnosis of certain diseases.
Genetic diseases are caused by diseases.... mutations
DNA Fingerprinting; Comparing similarities between patterns can help to Identify criminals in court cases Find blood relatives Identify remains of a living thing
What is this an example of? Crossing two plump chickens to get plumb chicken offspring. What is the purpose? Inbreeding. To get offspring with the desired trait to make more money through selling plumper chickens and making more since they weigh more and can be sold for more.
What is this an example of? Crossing a large peach with a disease resistant peach. What is the purpose? Hybridzation. To get offspring with both desired traits. To make more money by having more crop to sell and larger peaches to sell so you can make more since they weigh more and you can sell them for more!
What is important to understand with selective breeding? Why is this? It takes multiple offspring the desired trait to show. This is because when you cross two organisms there is a % chance that the offspring will inherit the desired traits. The dominant trait will always appear when given.
What is this an example of? Crossing a pea plant that is both large and disease resistant. What is the purpose? Hybridzation. To get offspring with both desired traits. To make more money by having more crop to sell and larger pea plants to sell as you can make more since you are selling more peas.
Created by: user-1901406
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