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chaptersixteen
groundwater
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| aquifer | Body of rock or sediments in which large amounts of water can be stored. |
| porosity | The percentage of the rock or sediment that consists of open spaces. |
| permeability | The ability of water to pass through a porous material. |
| zone of saturation | The layer of the aquifer in which the pore space is completely filled with water |
| zone of aeration | The zone that lies between the water table and the Earth’s surface. |
| capillary action | Water drawn up from the zone of saturation due to the attraction of water molecules to other materials. |
| perched water table | A second water table, formed above the original water table, when an impermeable layer prevents water from reaching the main zone of saturation. |
| recharge zone | Anywhere that water from the surface can travel through permeable rock to reach an aquifer. |
| spring | The natural flow of groundwater to the Earth’s surface in places where the ground surface dips below the water table. |
| artesian formation | A sloping layer of permeable rock that is sandwiched between two layers of impermeable rock. |
| hot spring | hot groundwater that is at least 37oF and rises to the surface before cooling |
| mud pot | when chemically weathered rock mixes with not water to form a sticky liquid clay that bubbles at the surface |
| geyser | hot springs that periodically erupt from surface pools or through small vents |
| hard water | water that contains relatively high amounts of dissolved minerals rich in calcium, magnesium, and iron |
| carbonic acid | acid formed when groundwater mixes with organic materials, combining with carbon dioxide |
| cavern | a large cave that may consist of many smaller connected chambers |
| stalagmite | an upward pointing calcite formation on the "G"round of a cave or cavern |
| stalactite | a downward pointing calcite formation on the "C"eiling of a cave or cavern |
| column | a calcite formation formed as a stalagmite and a stalactite meet |
| sinkhole | a circular depression that forms when rock dissolves, when sediment is removed, or when caves or mines collapse |
| natural bridge | the uncollapsed rock between a pair of sinkholes that forms an arch |
| karst | type of topography formed from chemical weathering, which includes sinkholes, caverns, and disappearing streams |
Created by:
sisteele
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