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Plants Ch. 29-31

TC3 BIOL 105 Plant transport, reproduction, and responses

TermDefinition
Transpiration evaporative water loss from a plant, mainly through the pores in the leaves
Stomata/stomata the microscopic pore/hole in the leaves and stems of plants that allows for diffusion of gases between the environment and the interior of the plant.
Guard cells Specialized structures on the sides of the stomata that, based on turgidity, regulate whether the stomata is open or closed.
Transpirational pull force that pulls water up the xylem due to the loss of water vapor from stomata.
Root pressure Absorption of ions from soil into the plant tissue is followed by inward osmosis of water which then pushes water upwards in the xylem.
Turgid Describes water content in a plant cell when the central vacuole is full and the cell is swollen.
Flaccid Describes water content in a plant cell when the vacuole is lacking water, the cell is partially collapsed and the plant appears to be wilted.
Plasmolysis The process of water due to outward osmosis when a plant cell is in a hypertonic environment.
Apoplast route cell transport pathway through the space between the cell membrane and cell wall of adjacent plant cells. Faster than the alternative.
Symplast route cell transport pathway through cytoplasmic connections via plasmodesmata. Slower than the alternative.
Nitrogen fixation bacteria in the soil change unusable forms of nitrogen such as atmospheric nitrogen and NH3 (ammonia) to NH4+ (ammonium), and eventually to nitrites, then nitrates. Plants can use nitrates, but generally not the other forms of nitrogen.
Source vs sink in plants, the source (origin) of sugars is leaves, the site of photosynthesis. The sink is where sugars can end up and be stored- the roots.
Gametophyte The haploid part of plant life cycle. It’s multicellular and will develop into single celled gametes by mitosis (think of it as the pre-gamete stage)
Sporophyte the diploid part of plant life cycle.
Microspore pollen, male gametes
Microsporangia eggs, female gametes
Stigma sticky top of the female part of the plant (carpel)
Pollen tube tunnel that pollen makes to get to the ovary
Micropyle opening on the bottom of ovary that pollen enters
Double fertilization only in angiosperms; the 1st sperm joins with the egg to make the zygote. The 2nd sperm joins with 2 polar nuclei to form 3n (triploid) tissue.
Endosperm The product of the 2nd angiosperm fertilization. It becomes food for seed development. Endosperm only forms in ovules that have a fertilized egg.
Stamen consists of an anther/filament The male reproductive parts of an angiosperm flower.
Stigma/style/ovary OR pistil/carpel . The female organs of angiosperm flower. The stigma is sticky and receives the pollen. The style connects the stigma to the ovary.
Auxin stimulates cell elongation, regulates branching and organ bending (phototropism and gravitropism)
Cytokinins stimulate cell division and differentiation; promotes axillary bud growth
Gibberellins promote stem elongation; helps break seed dormancy
Abscisic promotes stomatal closure in response to drought; promotes seed dormancy
Ethylene plays a role in senescence, leaf abscission, fruit ripening
Gravitropism Roots show positive response, growing down into soil. Stems show negative response, growing up away from soil.
Thigmotropism a growth response to touch. Ex
Plant defenses against herbivory how plants protect themselves against insects or animals that eat them. Includes spikes, chemicals present in the tissue or released upon injury.
Created by: PRO Teacher etucci
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