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BIO UNIT 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Blood glucose | this must stay within a certain range in order to maintain homeostasis. |
| Endocrine system | body system in organisms that makes and releases (aka secretes) hormones and works closely with nervous system to coordinate actions in the body |
| Homeostasis | the ability of an organism to maintain a stable, internal environment by making constant adjustments, despite changes in the external environment |
| Metabolism | all of the chemical reactions that happen in the body, thanks to enzymes |
| Diabetes | a chronic condition where blood sugar (glucose) levels are too high because the body cannot properly produce or use insulin |
| Feedback mechanism/loops | the way your body reacts to a stimulus and maintains homeostasis by making a change, keeping conditions at a steady and normal amount |
| Hormones | chemical messengers made by endocrine glands (cells) that travel through blood and cause changes to happen when their message is received |
| Nervous system | directs body activities and processes and helps you respond to your environment |
| Stimulus | any specific change or signal in the environment that causes an organism to respond; can be external or internal |
| Dynamic equilibrium | balanced state in the body where conditions are constantly changing, but stay within a healthy range (like for body temperature) due to small opposite changes and corrections to maintain homeostasis |
| Glucagon | hormone that raises blood glucose levels by releasing stored glucose |
| Insulin | hormone that allows glucose to enter cells like a key that unlocks the door to the cell; fits into a receptor on the surface of a cell |
| Receptor | special protein found on the surface of cells that attach/bind hormones and cause a change to happen; fit like puzzle pieces with a specific hormone |
| Synthesis | a chemical reaction that occurs in an organism |
| Response | the reaction of an organism to a stimulus from its internal or external environment |
| Pancreas | organ in the body that makes hormones to regulate/control blood glucose levels |
| Stomata | hole/pore on the underside/bottom layer of plant leaves that allow for gas exchange to happen in plants |
| Guard cell | cells found on the underside/bottom layer of plant leaves that surround stomata and control gas exchange by opening and closing the stomata |
| Gas exchange | the process of swapping gases between a plant and the environment through stomata; gases move by diffusion |
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