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Rocks

Rock Vocabulary

TermDefinition
rock naturally occurring, solid aggregates of one or more minerals. They make up the Earth’s crust.
weathering the natural process of breaking down rocks, soil, and minerals into smaller pieces right where they are and it is caused by water, ice, wind, plants, and animals.
rock cycle a natural process where rocks constantly change from one type to another.
igneous rock "fire-born" rocks created when hot, molten (melted) rock cools down and hardens.
sedimentary rock types of rock formed by layers of sand, mud, pebbles, and tiny shells that settle at the bottom of oceans and lakes.
metamorphic rock rocks that have changed from one type to another due to intense heat and pressure deep underground.
compaction the process of squeezing or pressing materials together to make them denser and take up less space.
cementation the natural process that turns loose sediment—like sand, mud, and pebbles—into solid rock.
deposition the process of dropping off or settling materials (like sand, mud, or rocks) that have been moved by wind, water, or ice.
erosion the natural process of moving soil, rock, or sand from one place to another using wind, water, or ice.
extrusive igneous rock volcanic rocks formed when lava erupts from a volcano and cools down very quickly on Earth's surface.
intrusive igneous rock formed when hot, molten magma gets trapped deep underground and cools down very slowly over thousands or millions of years.
nonfoliated rock metamorphic rocks that do not have layers, bands, or stripes.
foliated rock a metamorphic rock that looks striped, layered, or banded, similar to a stack of pancakes or leaves.
lithification the natural process of turning loose, soft sediment—like sand, mud, or pebbles—into solid, hard rock.
fossil the preserved remains, trace, or impression of a living thing—like a dinosaur, plant, or bug—that lived long ago, usually over 10,000 years
Created by: laurencorcoran
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