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Biology SOL Terms

Vocab check for students to see strengths ad weaknesses in Biology

TermDefinition
Independent Variable The factor in an experiment that is changed or manipulated to test its effect
Dependent Variable The factor that is measured or observed and responds to the independent variable
Hypothesis A testable statement predicting how the independent variable affects the dependent variable
Theory A well-supported explanation based on a large amount of evidence
Model A representation used to explain or predict complex systems
Polarity Uneven charge distribution in water making one side positive and the other negative
Cohesion & Adhesion Cohesion is water sticking to water; adhesion is water sticking to other surfaces
Carbohydrates Macromolecules that provide quick energy
Lipids Macromolecules used for long-term energy storage and cell membranes
Proteins Macromolecules that build structures and act as enzymes
Nucleic Acids Macromolecules that store and transmit genetic information (DNA and RNA)
Enzyme A protein that speeds up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy
ATP The main energy-carrying molecule used by cells
Photosynthesis Process that uses sunlight to make glucose and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water
Cellular Respiration Process that breaks down glucose with oxygen to make ATP
Cell Theory All living things are made of cells; cells are basic unit; cells come from existing cells
Homeostasis Maintaining a stable internal environment
Organelle A specialized structure within a cell
Cell Membrane A selectively permeable barrier controlling movement in and out of the cell
Passive Transport Movement of substances without energy (diffusion and osmosis)
Active Transport Movement of substances using energy (ATP)
Mitosis Cell division producing identical cells for growth and repair
Virus A nonliving infectious particle that requires a host cell to reproduce
Lytic Cycle Viral reproduction cycle that destroys the host cell
Bacteria Single-celled organisms that reproduce asexually
Germ Theory Idea that microorganisms cause disease
Vaccine A substance that helps the immune system recognize and fight pathogens
Antibiotic A substance used to kill bacteria
DNA Replication The process of copying DNA
Protein Synthesis Process of making proteins using DNA instructions
Genotype The genetic makeup of an organism
Phenotype The physical traits of an organism
Allele Different forms of a gene
Meiosis Cell division that produces sex cells with half the chromosomes
Punnett Square A tool used to predict genetic outcomes
Taxonomy The science of classifying organisms
Phylogeny The evolutionary history of a species
Cladogram A diagram showing evolutionary relationships
Dichotomous Key A tool used to identify organisms using paired choices
Three Domains Archaea Bacteria and Eukarya
Binomial Nomenclature Two-part scientific naming system
Natural Selection Process where organisms with favorable traits survive and reproduce
Adaptation A trait that increases survival
Evolution Change in a population over time
Genetic Drift Random changes in allele frequency
Founder Effect Genetic drift when a small group starts a new population
Speciation Formation of a new species
Fossil Record Evidence of past life preserved in rocks
Ecosystem Community of organisms and their environment
Symbiosis Close relationship between species
Trophic Level Position in a food chain
Carrying Capacity Maximum population an environment can support
Ecological Succession Gradual change in a community over time
Created by: user-2036664
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