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Chapter 18
Chapter 18 Vocabulary
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| precipitation | any form of water that falls from a cloud. |
| latent heat | the energy absorbed or released during a change in state. |
| evaporation | the process of converting a liquid to a gas |
| condensation | the change of state from a gas to a liquid |
| sublimation | the conversion of a solid directly to a gas without passing through the liquid state. |
| deposition | the process by which water vapor is changed directly to a solid without passing through the liquid state |
| humidity | a general term referring to water vapor in the air but not to liquid droplets of fog, cloud, or rain. |
| saturated | the state of air that contains the maximum quantity of water vapor that it can hold at any given temperature and pressure. |
| relative humidity | process by which rocks are placed in their proper sequence or order; Only the chronological order of events is determined, not the absolute age in years. |
| dew point | the temperature to which ait has to be cooled in order to reach saturation. |
| hygrometer | an instrument designed to measure relative humidity. |
| dry adiabatic rate | the rate of adiabatic cooling or warming in unsaturated air ; The rate of temperature change is 1 degree celsius per 100 meters. |
| wet adiabatic rate | the rate of adiabatic temperature change in saturated air; The rate of temperature change is variable, but it is always less than dry adiabatic rate. |
| orographic lifting | mountains acting as barriers to the flow of air, forcing the air to ascend; The air cools adiabatically, and the clouds and precipitation may result. |
| front | the boundary between two adjoining air masses having contrasting characteristics. |
| temperature inversion | a layer of limited depth in the atmosphere where the temperature increases rather than decreases with height. |
| condensation nuclei | tiny bits of particulate matter that serve as surfaces on which water vapor condenses |
| cirrus | one of three basic cloud forms; also one of the three hight cloud types; |
| cumulus | one of three basic cloud forms; also the name given to one of the clouds of vertical development ;They ar villowy individual cloud masses that often have a flat bases. |
| stratus | one of three basic cloud forms, They are sheets or layers that cover much or all of the sky. |
| Bergeron process | a theory that relates the formation of precipitation to supercooled clouds, freezing nuclei, and the different saturation levels of ice and liquid water. |
| supercooled water | the condition of water droplets that remain in the liquid state at temperatures well below 0 degrees Celsius |
| supersatured air | the condition of air that is more highly concentrated than is normally possible under given temperature and pressure conditions, when describing humidity, it refers to a relative humidity that is great than 100 percent |
| collision-coalescence process | a theory of raindrop formation in warm clouds (above 0 C) in which large cloud droplets collide and join together with smaller droplet to form a raindrop; Opposite electrical charges may bind the cloud droplets together. |
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