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cellbio 3

j

QuestionAnswer
reasons for mitosis grow, repair damage, replace old cells
G1 get fat do job
S duplicate DNA
G2 get ready for division, store energy
Prophase nucleus breaks down, spindles form, bowl of spaghetti
Metaphase chromosomes line up in middle, spindles attach
Anaphase pull sister chromatids apart
Telephase spindles break down, nucleus reforms
cytokinesis claavage furrow cleft in twain
GO phase cells that can't reproduce jo job whole life
G1 checkpoint am I ready to divide? do I have what I need, is my shit workin right?
G2 checkpoint make sure S worked and I have 2 identical copies of DNA
M checkpoint make sure spindles are formed/attached right
P53 good hard look at DNA, good enough? if not, fix, go phase, or kill self
growth factors neighbors can release mitosin growth hromones
contact inhibition neighbors tell cell not to divide if its too crowded
anchorage dependence all cells r holding on to other cells/tissues
cancer uncontrolled cell growth
cancer cells vs. normal cells cancer has no job and only thinks about growing. normal cells have jobs and care if theres no room for them to grow
invasive cancer penetrates layers and spreads rapidly
metastatic cancer can enter bloodstream/lymphatic system and spread
differentiation every cell has a job
non-differentiated cancer cells have no job
abnormal nuclei cancer doesnt care if its doin shit wrong- nuclei are weird shapes
angiogenesis cancer breaks into veins and steals nutrients
why sexual reproduction? genetic variation- great for adapting. cons- cant make babied urself, time and energy cost
why multiple sperm? most wont reach egg, more sperm = more chances to fertilize
prophase 1 homo pairs swap genes, spindles form
metaphase 1 homo pairs line up in middle, spindles attach
anaphase 1 homo pairs separated, sister chromatids stay together
telephase 1 2 haploid cell with double identical DNA
prophase 2 spindles reform
metaphase 2 chromos line up in middle, spindles attach
anaphase 2 sister chromatids separate
telephase 2 4 haploid cells with 23 chromos each
egg vs. sperm egg is big w/ lots of nutrients. sperm are small and many, mobile
Created by: user-1862257
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