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Chest injuries
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The chest cavity is also known as? | Thoracic Cavity |
| What is the visceral pleura? | The innermost layer and is in contact with the lung |
| What is the parietal pleura? | The outermost layer and is in contact with the thoracic wall |
| What is between the pleural layers? | Potential space (think vacuum, it works the same way) |
| What are the general categories of chest injuries? | Open and closed |
| What is an open injury? | The result of a penetrating chest wound |
| Air in the chest cavity is referred to as? | Pneumothorax |
| What is the possible outcome of a pneumothorax? | Collapsed lung |
| Sir being pulled into the chest cavity is? | A sucking chest wound |
| What is the first step to treating a sucking chest wound? | COVER IT! |
| Air leaking into the chest cavity with increasing pressure around heart, lungs, and mediastinal structures? | Tension pneumothorax |
| A patient presents with a stabbing that is allowing air to enter but not escape, what is this an example of? | Tension pneumothorax |
| What is the biggest difference between pneumothorax and a tension pneumothorax? | TP creates a one way valve that increases pressure PTX is a non-expanding lung collapse that does NOT cause one way valve |
| What is a closed injury? | Blunt trauma applied to the chest that causes damage to ribs and organs |
| When two or more adjacent ribs are broken in two or more places, this is? | Flail segment |
| Flail segment causes? | Paradoxical motion on inspiration |
| What are ideal treatments for flail segment (O2 therapy)? | CPAP or BVM with supplemental oxygen |
| Bleeding and contusion in the lung is a sign of? | Pulmonary contusion |
| Ideal tx for pulmonary contusion is? | Maximizing O2 by through high concentration of oxygen (NRB) because respiratory distress depends on amount of damaged lung tissue |
| A sucking chest wound is synonymous with? | Open pneumothorax is synonymous |
| What is a hemothorax? | The thoracic cavity is filled with blood rather than air |
| A patient presents with pink frothy sputum; what could it be? | Hemothorax |
| If the thorax is suddenly and severely compressed causing rapid increasing pressure in the chest, this is? | Traumatic asphyxia |
| What are s/s of traumatic asphyxia? | Bruising of the face, head, neck, and shoulders; JVD; bloodshot eyes protruding from socket; cyanosis; swelling of tongue and lips; and bleeding |
| What is a cardiac contusion? | Occurs when the heart is violently compressed between the sternum and spinal column, causing bruising on the heart muscle. |
| Is the whole heart likely to be bruised? | No, the right ventricle is at higher likelihood of bruising |
| Bleeding into the pericardial sack is? | Pericardial tamponade |
| What are s/s of a pericardial tamponade? | JVD, tachycardia, decreased BP, normal breath sounds, and pulsus paradoxus |
| When assessing for possible chest injuries what should you look for? | Tracheal deviation, subcutaneous emphysema, and JVD |
| What are s/s of a tension pneumothorax? | Rapid deterioration, severe respiratory distress, shock, and absent breath sounds on one side |
| What are s/s of a pneumothorax? | Chest pain worse with inspiration, dyspnea, tachypnea, and decreased/absent breath sounds on the affected side |
| You arrive on scene to a patient with severe dyspnea, unequal chest movement, absent breath sounds, hypotension, and JVD. What is the likely cause? | Tension pneumothorax |
| after blunt trauma, the patient has crepitus over ribs, chest pain, and a portion of the chest moves inward during inspiration. What is the likely cause? | Flail segment |
| Your patient has diminished breath sounds, signs of shock without external bleeding, and reports blunt trauma. What is the likely cause? | Hemothorax |
| On assessment you find JVD, hypotension, and muffled heart sounds, what should you suspect? | Cardiac tamponade |
| What condition involves air in the pleural space? | Pneumothorax |
| Which injury is associated with shock due to blood loss into chest cavity? | Hemothorax |
| Becks triad is seen in? | Cardiac tamponade |
| After blunt trauma, a patient has pink frothy, sputum, crackles, and increasing respiratory distress over hours | Pulmonary contusion |
| Patient presents with hypotension, JVD, muffled heart sounds, and respiratory distress. Is it cardiac tamponade or TPTX and why? | Cardiac tamponade because of the muffled heart sounds |
| Which condition is most likely to cause rapid circulatory collapse due to pressure, not blood loss? | Tension pneumothorax |
| A patient with a suspected pneumothorax suddenly deteriorates after PPV with BVM. Why? | Conversion to tension pneumothorax. |
Created by:
Kellbellll
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