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AMS/Stroke/HA

QuestionAnswer
What is needed to maintain a level of consciousness? One cerebral hemisphere and reticular activating system (RAS)
What is RAS? Network of nerve cells in brain stem that transmit stimuli to and from the cerebrum.
How is a coma defined as? Unconscious state where the patient is unresponsive to painful stimuli
What are two potential causes of AMS? Structural or toxic-metabolic
Hemorrhage in the brain tissue is structural or toxic-metabolic? Structural
Hypoxia is structural or toxic-metabolic? Toxic-metabolic
There are more than 2 causes of AMS; what can you use to remember? AEIOU-TIPPSS
What does AEIOU stand for? Alcohol, epilepsy, insulin, oxygenation, and uremia (toxin from kidney failure)
What does TIPPSS stand for? Trauma, infection, psychiatric, poisoning, shock, and stroke
What are the three components of the Pediatric GCS? Eye opening, verbal response, and motor response.
How is Eye Opening scored? Spontaneous (4), To Sound (3), To Pressure (2), and None (1).
How is Verbal Response scored? Oriented (5), Confused (4), Words (3), Sounds (2), None (1).
How is Motor Response scored? Obeys Command (6), Localizing (5), Normal Flexion (4), Abnormal Flexion (3), Extension (2), and None (1).
Define neurologic deficit Any deficiency in the functioning of the brain or nervous system
How many steps are there in the Stroke Chain of Survival? 5
List the 5 steps in the Stroke Chain of Survival? Early recognition, timely EMS response, rapid transport, stroke care, and post stroke care
What does FAST stand for? Facial droop, arm drift, speech difficulties, time to call 911
What is the med term for stroke? Cerebrovascular attack (CVA)
What causes strokes? Blood clot obstructing a cerebral artery or a rupture of a cerebral artery
What are the two types of stroke? Ischemic (blockage) and Hemorrhagic (rupture)
What is a TIA? Transient Ischemic Attack that resolves within 24 hours
Can strokes be reversed? Yes, if fibrinolytic drugs are administered within 4.5 hours
What is it called if a clot travels from where it was formed? Embolus
What is a clot called if it forms at the site of occlusion? Thrombus
Cerebral embolism is associated with? AFIB
What is another word for a language disturbance? Aphasia
If the patient knows what they want to say, but has trouble because they can’t form the right response or pick the correct words, this is what form of aphasia? Expressive
If the patient has doesn’t understand what you are asking/saying, they may respond with words inappropriately. What form of aphasia is this? Receptive
What is included in the Cincinnati Stroke Scale? Facial droop, arm drift, and abnormal speech
What is included in the Los Angeles Prehospital Stroke Screen? Age greater than 45, no hx or epilepsy/seizures, s/s less than 24 hours, pt NOT bed bound, BGL 60-400, and physical exam (AND-PBP)
What is the MENDS scale? An assessment of mental status, cranial nerves, and limbs
How many types of headaches are there? Four
What are vascular (migraine) headaches? Throbbing, one sided HA caused by dilation or distention (spasms) of vessels or inflammation
What are cluster headaches? Repetitive HA lasting 15 minutes to 3 hours found on one side, around the eyes, or temporal region.
What can cluster headaches cause? excessive tear production, nasal congestion, and nausea
What are tension headaches? Caused by contraction of the muscles of the neck and scalp and last more than 30 minutes that have a gradual onset
What are organic headaches? symptoms of other conditions such as tumors, infection, stroke, etc
Created by: Kellbellll
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