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Bio 8
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Exon | Expressed sequence of DNA; codes for a protein |
| Intron | sequence of DNA that is not involved in coding for a protein |
| Messenger RNA | Type of RNA that carries copies of instructions for the assembly of amino acids into proteins to the rest of the cell |
| RNA | Single stranded nucleic acid that contains the sugar ribose |
| RNA polymerase | Enzyme that links together the growing chain if RNA nucleotides during transcription using a DNA strand as a template |
| Promoter | Specific region of a gene where RNA polymerase can bind and begin transcription |
| Ribosomal RNA | Type of RNA that combines with proteins to form ribosomes |
| Transfer RNA | Type of RNA that carries each amino acid to a ribosome during protein synthesis |
| Transcription | synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template |
| Anticodon | Group of 3 bases on a tRNA molecule that are complementary to the 3 bases of a m RNA |
| Codon | Group of three nucleotide bases in mRNA that specify a particular amino acid to be incorporated into a protein |
| Genetic code | Collections of codons of mRNA, each of which directs the incorporation of a particular amino acid into a protein during protein synthesis |
| Gene expression | Process by which a gene produces its product and the product carries out its function |
| Polypeptide | Long chain of amino acids that makes proteins |
| Translation | Process by which the sequence of an mRNA is converted into the sequence of amino acids of a protein |
| Mutagen | Chemical or physical agents in the environment that interacts with DNA and may cause a mutation |
| Mutation | Change in the genetic material of a cell |
| Frameshift mutation | Mutation that shifts the "reading frame" of the generic code by inserting or deleting a nucleotide |
| Polyploidy | Condition in which an organism has extra sets of chromosomes |
| Point mutation | Gene mutation in which a single base pair has been changed |
| Differentiation | Process in which cells become more specialized in structure and function |
| Hox gene | A group of homeotic genes clustered together that determine the head to tail identity of body parts in animals. All hox genes contain the homeobox DNA sequence |
| homeobox gene | This is a DNA sequence of approximately 130 base pairs , found in many homeotic genes that regulate development. Genes containing this sequence are known as homeobox genes, and they code for transcription factors, proteins that bind to DNA and they also r |
| homeotic gene | A class of regulatory genes that determine the identity of body parts and regions into an animal embryo. Mutations in these genes can transform 1 body part into another |
| Operator | Short DNA region, adjacent to the promoter of a prokaryotic operon, that binds repressor proteins responsible for controlling the rate of transcription of the operon |
| Operon | In prokaryotes, a group of adjacent genes that share a common operator and promoter and are transcribed into a single mRNA |
| RNA interference | Introduction of double-stranded RNA into a cell to inhibit gene expression |
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