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BIOL 121P

Topic 11 - Hormones

QuestionAnswer
Hormones chemical messengers produced and released by specialized glands
Endocrine System collection of glands that produce hormones and are used to regulate metabolism, growth/development, sleep, etc
Glands specialized cells/tissue that release hormones
Target Cells cells that respond to hormones
Up-Regulation increase in receptor # (more activity)
Down-Regulation decrease in receptor # (less activity)
Autocrine Signal act on the same cell that secretes them
Paracrine Signal diffuse locally and act on nearby cells
Endocrine Signal hormones carried between cells by bloof
Neural Signal neurotransmitters
Neuroendocrine hormones that lower/raise blood sugar - produced in pancreas
Lipid-Derived Hormone (Steriod) derived from cholesterol
Amino Acid Derived Hormone derived from tyrosine and tryptophan (ex: epinephrine, melatonin)
Peptide Hormones chains of amino acids
Hydrophilic Travel move freely in bloodstream for transport to target cells
Blood Factors a change in internal environment is detected and a hormone is released to counteract/return to set point
Ranked Structures many peripheral glands are under control of the pituitary gland
Negative Feedback Loops a process where the output of a hormone reduces its own production to balance the body
Pituitary Gland produces hormones that control processes within the body
Anterior Pituitary releases hormones that control peripheral glands
Posterior Pituitary contains hormones produced by hypothalamus, does not actively secrete hormones
Adrenal Medulla epinephrine -> fight or flight response
Adrenal Cortex glucose metabolism
Alpha Cells produces glucagon; raises blood sugar/glucagon
Beta Cells produces insulin; lower blood sugar/insulin
Insulin stimulates glucose uptake by cells, lowers blood glucose
Diabetes causes by a lack of insulin (Type 1) or a lack of insulin receptors on target cells (Type 2)
Photoperiodism certain behaviors happen at particular times of the year
Created by: user-1992551
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